ID help needed

[Sailfish]

Dear Dr Seow, pls help to confirm the id for the below butts.
Thanks.

Athyma reta moorei?
25005

Erionota thrax thrax?
25014

Potanthus trachala?
25015

[Psyche]

1. Athyma reta moorei .

2. Erinota thrax thrax female.
The lower 2/3 pf the FW outer margin is straight. Cn be very difficult to judge in photos.
Male narrower FWs.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Erionota%20thrax%20thrax/Banana%20Skipper%20-%20Khew.jpg
Females.
https://www.thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Erionota-thrax-1080x717.jpg
http://butterfliesofamerica.com/images/Hesperiidae/Hesperiinae/Erionota_t_thrax/Erionota_thrax_thrax_f1v2_USA_HAWAII_Maui_Co_Maui_ Island_Makawao_emg_29-IV-2004_ex_banana.jpg

E. torus female: More rouded FWs.
http://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2016/131_12376-800-575eddea21c88-1.jpg
http://taibnet.sinica.edu.tw/uploads_moved/20090919_345470_Erionota%20torus_a.jpg
http://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_10/tbf180.jpg


3. I presume this is taken in Singapore.
This is a difficult one It appears to be a new species.
A male with the abdominal end strongly black-banded. FW spot 5 smaller than spot 4.

It is not P. mingo which have FW spots 4 & 5 of about equal size.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f3wB2A2ujBs/TljGL_hdu_I/AAAAAAAABdc/afUjssvXasc/s1600/_MG_1531.jpg

It is not P. juno which have FW spot 8 (topmost) missing or vestigial.
http://www.samuibutterflies.com/insects/butterflies/hesperidae/potanthusjunojuno/
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eLxO6Cqrl-k/Tv3BPqqdcTI/AAAAAAAAFIw/5qD_fJxEnpw/s400/DSC3668%2BSkipper%2B%2540%2BBukit%2BBrown.jpg

It is not P. trachala which have FW spots 4 & 5 (of equal size) without overlapping the spots above & below; they are connected by the spikes.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kvlAhJLLsd0/VAxf7FbehUI/AAAAAAAAQFc/hP3tC8esw5s/s1600/HFH3746-Potanthus-trachala-tytleri.jpg

It is not P. serina which is lightly dark-shaded, & more orangey.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Potanthus%20serina/Potanthus-serina-KSK.jpg

It looks very similar to this P. palnia which underside generally look greenish grey.
Range: India to SE Asia down to Sumatra, but not recorded from peninsular Malaysia.
https://farm5.static.flickr.com/4536/37999817064_e5eb33ea48_b.jpg

Tentative ID. Potanthus palnia.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[atronox]

Nice catch on the A. reta. Where was that found? It's very rare in Singapore

[Sailfish]

Hi Dr Seow, thanks for the id.
Yes, the skipper was taken in S'pore.

Hi Aaron,
A. reta was taken inside Mandai forest.

[Psyche]

The three other Potanthus species in Singapore all have FW spots 4 & 5 of equal size & abdominal end almost wholly yellow in the male.(female may have a bit of dark dorsal shade.)

P. omaha males.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Potanthus%20omaha%20omaha/272%20Potanthus%20omaha%20omaha%20(Lesser%20Dart)% 20Bobby%20Mun.jpg
http://a4.pbase.com/g4/25/686825/2/139561421.Buz1tBHC.jpg

P. ganda male & female.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-L3ew9ztkIks/U5JqPz8aSgI/AAAAAAAAOKw/Qh7FzPC3VHg/s1600/HFH_2474-Potanthus-ganda.jpg
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-e_HuBihng50/WckVphdNd-I/AAAAAAAAr5o/X4aSyt94VVU8H5wN5zLXWxNb5Evj-LKtgCLcBGAs/s1600/Potanthus_ganda_cat4of4_underside.jpg

P. confucius. males.
https://wingscales.com/content/record/515-1-738e1.jpg
https://wingscales.com/content/record/514-1-f6975.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

[Psyche]

It might just be P. juno male.
Sometimes on the underside FW spot 8 is partially present, but on the upperside fully missing, as seen in this shot.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eLxO6Cqrl-k/Tv3BPqqdcTI/AAAAAAAAFIw/5qD_fJxEnpw/s400/DSC3668%2BSkipper%2B%2540%2BBukit%2BBrown.jpg

A female P. juno showing the fully absent FW spot 8 on the underside.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WroJpPq0U5g/WGddN4VeO8I/AAAAAAAAQQk/yLDmI309uw8nDMBP_wvQFzx7edYEtR6IACLcB/s1600/JunoDart-KohCH.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

[Psyche]

2. is female Erionota acroleuca.
Note the name is now correctly back to E. acroleuca instead of E. hiraca.

In female E. acroleuca the HW patch is much wider in the lower half.
One male & 2 females
https://www.thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Erionota-hiraca-1-1080x720.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oGOIfwCnqFo/Voi16-GCzAI/AAAAAAAAlLE/5t1j1UrhHe0/s1600/WTBS_female_01.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-s7fKLefxl04/VNN8sBiZlzI/AAAAAAAAQ4U/GhzhpdFkM4o/s1600/HFH_7488-White-Tipped-Skipper.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Thanks again Dr Seow.

[atronox]

Hi Aaron, A. reta was taken inside Mandai forest.

Thanks! I guess you were lucky coz i didn't find much the last time i was at track 15

[Sailfish]

Hi Dr Seow, a few more butts id request.

Is this Malay Baron, Euthalia monina?
25072

The Fulvous Pied Flat, Pseudocoladenia dan dhyana
25073

Which Jamides?
25074

Thanks U.

[Psyche]

Post 10.

1. Euthalia monina male.
There are many more variations than what is shown in the reference books.

2. Pseudocoladenia dan.
The male can always be recognised by its horseshoe FW cellspot.

4. Nacaduba kurava male. FW termen straight; submarginal spots large with rounded inner margins ; HW submarginal spot 6 large typically quadrate.

Practically all Jamides can be recognised by the HW white striae forming a sharp spike near the inner margin (in a set position.)
eg. Jamides alecto male & bochus female.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Jamides%20alecto%20ageladas/Jamides%20alecto%20ageladas%20-%20Sunny.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_rzo8wjfyCsM/TP5k-lqNCEI/AAAAAAAAJEY/zWuPLKl8KOo/s1600/JB_Female_1A.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Appreciate & thank U Dr Seow for the id.

[Sailfish]

Dr Seow,

Help needed for the below species.

Pyroneura latoia?
25102

Arhopala pseudomuta?
25103

Thanks.

[Psyche]

Post 13.
They are both correct.

1. The silverstreak on the FW characteristic.

2. The paler forms of Arhopala alitaeus are often confused with pseudomuta.

A. alitaeus : darker, more contrasted & often purple-washed.
HW postdiscal spot 6 is more broadly rounded; submarginal spots are almost separate lunules (half-moons).
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Arhopala%20alitaeus%20pardenas/AA_adult_female_Chng_02.jpg
http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5165/5282906719_1937e569f7_b.jpg

A. pseudomuta ;Typically pale with poorly contrasted markings but some are darker causing confusion with A. alitaeus.
HW postdiscal spot 6 is more quadrate (squarish) & smaller ; submarginal spots are 'flatter' forming a running band.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Arhopala%20pseudomuta%20pseudomuta/Pseudomuta%20-%203%20-%20Horace.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Arhopala%20pseudomuta%20pseudomuta/Pseudomuta---1---Horace.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Thanks, Dr. Seow.

[Sailfish]

Hi Dr Seow,
Thanks for id.

Which Nacaduba?
25121

Jamides celeno?
25122

Nacaduba calauria?
25123

Thank you.

[Psyche]

Post 1 no. 3 ID Correction.
Potanthus mingo male. Unusual as FW spot 5 is smaller than spot 4.
The FW spot size can varies in all the species.

The normal form of P. mingo is very similar to P. ganda but the abdominal end is black -banded.
P. mingo ;Un veins not darkened ;HW outer margins concave & edged or spotted black; abdominal end strongly black-banded.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LS0GUZQJ9tI/UJ-kBanqLoI/AAAAAAAAHMw/aEEeobKCe3U/s1600/HFH0173+Potanthus+sp.jpg
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/17577021/original.jpeg?1525699396
female.
http://www.dnp.go.th/FOREMIC/NForemic/Caterpillars%20Food/Philips%20pet%20Caterpillar/img27%20march%2055/Hesperiidae/butt/Sub%20Hesperiinae/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B 9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99% E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8 %96%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B 9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99% E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8 %96%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%2 0Potanthus%20mingo%20(6).JPG


Post 16.
1 Ionolyce helicon male.
The wingshape is distorted. FW main band serially dislocated; costal spot 12 absent (as in N. beroe)
Male & female.
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/2530979/large.jpg?1444964886
https://wanderingbutterflyeffect.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/6a0100a801ee89000e01240b76031c860e.jpg


2. Jamides celeno male.
The upperside is pale dull blue till the apex which is darkened.


3. Nacaduba berenice female.
This looks very similar to N. calauria

N. calauria : FW main band almost always straight & unbroken ; FW submarginal spot 4 & 5 sharply triangular.
Females
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Nacaduba%20calauria%20malayica/Nacaduba-calauria-malayica---2--.jpg
http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1271/4611202469_65181a03d4.jpg
female on the right.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Nacaduba%20berenice%20icena/june%2014%20mating%20nacaduba%20berenic%20-%20Ellen%20Tan.JPG

N, berenice: Typically FW main band broken in the middle :FW submarginal spots 4 & 5 variable, rounded , pointed domes or irregular.
Females.
https://www.thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Nacaduba-calauria-1080x721.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_0EK80AsaR7g/TDUnkJiw7fI/AAAAAAAADGE/UnLlKCiYJ9A/s400/DSC4862-6-Line-Blue.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Thanks Dr Seow.

[Sailfish]

Hi Dr Seow,

Are both Pantoporia species?

25259

25260

Thanks.

[Sailfish]

Thanks Dr Seow.

[Sailfish]

Dear Dr Seow,
Would appreciate your help to id these arhopalas.
Thank you.

#1.
25413

#2.
25414

#3.
25415

#4.
25416

[Psyche]

1, 2, & 3 are all A. major.

4 is A epimuta.
Note white tornal dot & different arrangement of HW postdiscal spots 5, 6, & 7.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Many thanks for the id, Dr Seow.

[Sailfish]

Hi Dr. Seow,
Thanks for id.

#1. Arhopala athada?
25417

#2. ?
25418

Thank you.

[Psyche]

Post 24.
Yes both are A. athada.

TL Seow:Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Thanks Dr. Seow.

[Sailfish]

Hi Dr Seow,

Appreciate your id for this skipper. Thanks.
25899

[Psyche]

Polytremis lubricans.

The HW arrangement of spots is that of P. lubricans.
There is spots 2 & 3, spot 4 is large, elongate, followed by a small spot 5.
The antennal tip is short, pale with a bit of orange.
The upper cellspot is variably large;
FW spots are yellow.
The dark lines are likely developmental faults.

https://images-wixmp-ed30a86b8c4ca887773594c2.wixmp.com/f/5cb77cac-13f5-4143-a7f2-17dfeebe596e/d1ngduo-bc8faf6c-5cc1-401e-afad-e02ff80aa1dc.jpg?token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJ IUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJ1cm46YXBwOjdlMGQxODg5ODIyNjQz NzNhNWYwZDQxNWVhMGQyNmUwIiwiaXNzIjoidXJuOmFwcDo3ZT BkMTg4OTgyMjY0MzczYTVmMGQ0MTVlYTBkMjZlMCIsIm9iaiI6 W1t7InBhdGgiOiJcL2ZcLzVjYjc3Y2FjLTEzZjUtNDE0My1hN2 YyLTE3ZGZlZWJlNTk2ZVwvZDFuZ2R1by1iYzhmYWY2Yy01Y2Mx LTQwMWUtYWZhZC1lMDJmZjgwYWExZGMuanBnIn1dXSwiYXVkIj pbInVybjpzZXJ2aWNlOmZpbGUuZG93bmxvYWQiXX0.2_aizU3n 0z-J-905gSneiN45kc8GOzXJ7JToGG8_u1g
https://www.flickr.com/photos/binubal/15393947621
https://wingscales.com/content/record/502-1-e4f05.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Dear Dr Seow,
Appreciate your assistance for the identification of the below skippers:

1)
26155

2)
26156

3)
26157

Thanks.

[Psyche]

Post 29.

1. Polytremis lubrican.
FW spots yellow; UN with coarse overlay of ochreous scales.HW spots may be hard to see.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0cUzxS0FpT8/T1tgyU4WJrI/AAAAAAAAFjg/TiwxZzRsxec/s1600/DSC4674%2BContiguous%2BSwift.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2016/164_14780-691-58120b30928ad-1.jpg


2. Caltoris philippina
UN with greenish ochreous overlay; Head/ body scales often greenish.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dUpUIge8ARc/VVgQs0A2W2I/AAAAAAAAhcE/G5GhTdkiJzY/s1600/CP_adult_field_male_01.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Caltoris%20philippina%20philippina/CP_adult_male_01.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PKpJ0RdKM-g/VVgQ0Ur9lwI/AAAAAAAAhcM/YslMd-rnvOg/s1600/Caltoris-philippina-philippina--Sunny-Chir-4237.png

3. Pelopidas mathias ;
UN unevenly shaded paler (grey).
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NQjrfm7_wKc/VLKJc4Ocs5I/AAAAAAAAf0o/TWF0cOhFUMI/s1600/SBS_adult_Benedict_01.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Thank you, Dr. Seow.

[Sailfish]

Dear Dr Seow,
Please could you help to verify and id the following butterfly species:

1) Arhopala athada athada?
26215

2) Flos anniella anniella?
26216

3) Arhopala abseus abseus?
26217

Thanks.

[Psyche]

They are all correct.


Flos anniella.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wTY6AgfYxtQ/Ul6bLHY4z8I/AAAAAAAALCg/4SPwN-basSo/s1600/DarkyPlushBlue-JonS.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8gCOuev59xc/WT1b7SW0XxI/AAAAAAAAdNw/1r3YPmQLhxEK5dGTBePzbXrxkyNUv_NKACLcB/s1600/DSC_1343.JPG

Flos apidanus. Browner, red costa ;pale broad discal band with spots.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/_rzo8wjfyCsM/SxRBqSuPAnI/AAAAAAAAEg4/5j_vw_tiVBQ/s1600/FAS_Khew_01.jpg


A. abseus.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/angiud/42722089694
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-J0_eHhbc8GU/ToXm1o2wrdI/AAAAAAAALwQ/q4SLvOfQi70/s1600/A_abseus_adult_Loke_01.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Dear Dr Seow,
Thank you very much.

[Sailfish]

Hi Dr Seow,

Appreciate if you could id this Arhopala.
Thanks alot.

26308

[atronox]

It's Arhopala pseudomuta pseudomuta from the extra costal spot in space 11 on the forewing

[Sailfish]

Thanks Aaron.

[Sailfish]

Hi Dr Seow,
Appreciate your id.
Thanks.

26316

[Psyche]

Mycalesis visala.

The species can be very similar when taken in an unbalanced angle.

M. perseoides & visala have the white strae wider (thiker)

M. visala have the HW eyespots inner margins more regular & the dark ines with blunt teeth.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Mycalesis%20visala%20phamis/Long%20Brand%20Bush%20Brown%20-%20Tan%20Ben%20Jin.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i4MxrattNb4/U9O6GlHllZI/AAAAAAAAeZk/uVb3iMQ8b3M/s1600/LBBB_adult_Loke_01.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Mycalesis%20visala%20phamis/Long%20Brand%20Bush%20Brown%20Bobby%20Mun.jpg


M. perseoides ;HW inner margins of eyespots more irregular, jagged , the dark line have several teeth.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Mycalesis%20perseoides%20perseoides/Long%20Brand%20Bush%20Brown%20-%20Khew.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Mycalesis%20perseoides%20perseoides/Mycalesis%20perseoides%20-%20Khew.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Mycalesis%20perseoides%20perseoides/Mycalesis-perseoides%20-%20Khew.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Thank you.

[Sailfish]

Hi Dr.Seow,

Is this Arhopala aurea?
26477
Thank You.

[Psyche]

Arhopala athada.
The markings & pattern are as for this species.
The FW postdiscal band is partially dislocated at vein 4 & the HW postdiscal & submarginal bands are widely separated.
https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Arhopala_athada_athada#/media/File:ArhopalaAthadaAthadaMUpUn.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Arhopala%20athada%20athada/Vinous%20Oakblue%20-%20Nelson%20Ong.jpg

A. aurea (& A. trogon) have short stiff tails.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XjzQrhJOx-w/T93X9CZ8jHI/AAAAAAAAHmg/NAp-netWQzQ/s1600/Arhopalaaurea-SunnyC.jpg


TL Seow: CHeers.

[Sailfish]

Many thanks Dr.Seow.

[Sailfish]

Dear Dr Seow,
Appreciate your id for the below species:
1)
26859

2) jamides alecto ageladas?
26860

3)
26861

Thanks.

[Psyche]

Post 44.

1. Jamides celeno.
Colour may be brown or grey.


2 & 3.
Both are Jamides alecto ageladas.


J. alecto & elpis are easily confused.


J. elpis pseudelpis.
Male upperside light blue & unmarked.
UnF white striae narrow in the male; in female the inner (discal) white are narrow ,while the outer submarginal striae relatively broad.
HW the spike formed by the discal band relatively broadly pointed.

Males.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2014/97_591-45-5437f97cf3608-2.jpg
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/_rzo8wjfyCsM/SwdLfb4oIpI/AAAAAAAAEc4/kEehgqa67wU/s1600/Jamides-elpis-pseudelpis-03.jpg
Females.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/_rzo8wjfyCsM/Swa7iEAhb8I/AAAAAAAAEcw/WBiS6NqxcHw/s1600/JE_adult_female_03.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Jamides%20elpis%20pseudelpis/Glistering%20Cerulean%20-%202%20-%20Bobby%20Mun.jpg



J. alecto ageladas.
Male upperside FW with black border & HW with black marginal spots.
UnF all the white striae are rather broad, the inner ones mostly in the lower half.
HW discal spike sharply pointed & slightly curved, like a talon.

Male.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Jamides%20alecto%20ageladas/Jamides%20alecto%20ageladas%20-%20Sunny.jpg

Female.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Jamides%20alecto%20ageladas/Jamides%20alecto%20ageladas%20-%20henry.jpg



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Thanks. Dr. Seow.

[Sailfish]

Dear Dr Seow,

Appreciate your id for the below species:

1) Arhopala amphimuta amphimuta?
26970

2) Arhopala amphimuta amphimuta?
26971

Thank you.

[Psyche]

Post 47.

There is no absolute features on the underside that will separate these two species confidently.

Here are some examples with upperside confirmation.

Arhopala major major.
Unh 'V' spot in space 1b distorted often 'L' or "j" shaped.
Postdiscal band (spots 2, 3, 4, & 5) above the 'V' spot always broken or dislocated.

Examples. Males with UpF broad brown border confirmation.

http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Arhopala%20major%20major/Arhopala-major-major---2---Tan-C.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Arhopala%20major%20major/Arhopala%20major%20major%20-%20Tan%20CP.jpg

UpF shows broad brown border.
https://m.singapore.biodiversity.online/species/A-Arth-Hexa-Lepidoptera-000093?imageId=0

Abdominal end is that of a male; UpH is brown.
https://wanderingbutterflyeffect.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/6a0100a801ee89000e0123de1c48c6860d.jpg



Arhopala amphimuta amphimuta.
Unh 'V' spot more nearly of equal arms, the upper arm almost equal.
Unh postdiscal band above the 'V' spot usually straight & unbroken. Best single feature . Correction ;Not true over a larger sample.
Upperside male blue to the margin.

TYpical males.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/_yzw2AzY2du4/St5ZUUyxbMI/AAAAAAAADlE/R9bkuGEdqaM/s400/Arhopala+-+TanCP.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/_yzw2AzY2du4/St5ZULgd9rI/AAAAAAAADk8/cnD6weB0mEs/s1600/Arhopala+-+Jason.jpg

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-J9Xmngyim6A/UZiTd2FbmPI/AAAAAAAAKLU/giYImR17uDw/s1600/HFH+4500+Arhopala+amphimuta+amphimuta.jpg


Less typical.
Upperside is typical male.
UnH postdiscal band straight but 'V' spot slightly off.
https://m.singapore.biodiversity.online/images/speciesImages/medium/ff936162-ec58-f1b8-8222-dd50ee5d7992.jpg
https://m.singapore.biodiversity.online/images/speciesImages/medium/c2036f71-516e-2b84-0dcf-f8520e538feb.jpg

From southern Thailand.
'V' spot is well-shaped but postdiscal band is broken.
Note UpF brown border is much wider than typical amphimuta male.
This suggest a strong hybrid element with A. major. Correction: Probably not true as this is a different subspecies.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhopala_amphimuta#/media/File:ArhopalaAmphimutaMillerianaMUpUnAC1.jpg

A. major is much more common than A. amphimuta.

Judging from the combination of features both are more likely to be A. major.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Thank you Dr Seow.

[Psyche]

Correction.

In looking at these examples of the same ssp amphimuta from S. Thailand.
The postdiscal band above the 'V' spot is also partially broken, so a well-shaped 'V' spot is still important in the identification.

http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/81890001.html
Use google zoom to see the markings.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Dear Dr Seow,

Is this spotted flitter?
27614

Is this pugnacious lancer?
27613

Not sure about this?
27615

Thanks

[Psyche]

1. Male Zographetus ogygia.
Male is recognised by the white antennal clubs.


Z. ogygia. ;UnH. more uniform reddish brown to golden brown ,
Male.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GFVEOFh60ms/WPtr5d1jOaI/AAAAAAAAQ3k/QHlKYsY-jsMptvZ2QLXpx7532egNgx3-wCLcB/s1600/Zogaphetus_sp_01-HoraceTan.jpg
Female.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kryJ8yvgAEU/WPtr_s4xbUI/AAAAAAAAQ3o/vIVZR9qLm046yM0XjmP7bbuqGHRfxkM5gCLcB/s1600/Zogygia-KohCH.jpg


Z. doxus. UnH with a yellow or paler discal patch. Marginal zone with the veins significantly darkened.
Males.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Zographetus%20doxus/Zographetus%20doxus%20-%20Terry%20Ong.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Zographetus%20doxus/ZD_adult_20.jpg
Female.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Zographetus%20doxus/Zographetus%20doxus%20-%20Bene%20Tay.jpg

[Psyche]

2. Female Caltoris cahira.


Three species can look rather similar in the field.
Pale area on the antennae are prominent.


Caltoris cormasa.
FW upper cellspot small or absent. FW subapical spots often three, small; spots tend to be yellowish/
Deeper reddish tone typically strong ,

Males.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/158606139/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/59431898/large.jpg
Females.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/58273438/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/186904811/large.jpeg



Caltoris bromus.
Uniforma dark brown often with an ochreous overlay.
FW two cellspot, upper fairly large . Subapical spots typically 2, large, white.
Female often with white spots UnH.
Males
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/60699155/large.jpg?1580634497
https://i13.photobucket.com/albums/a288/SunnyChir/Bin/Sunny-Chir-1D4-7107--25_08_2014_zpsd5aebfd1.png
Females Taiwan
https://farm3.static.flickr.com/2813/9509360804_aec2551d54_b.jpg
https://c1.staticflickr.com/7/6021/6191990971_d7f055cc62_z.jpg



Caltoris cahira. FW upper cellspot large; Subapical spots typically two, white.
UnH dark chocolate often contrasting with FW. Female without UnH spot.
Male .P.Malaysia.
https://live.staticflickr.com/5739/21680122591_88ca2c13f4_b.jpg

Female Singapore.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7l1dr3n_gKc/UNkf7-O6cQI/AAAAAAAAIJg/leZVbtGOi8k/s1600/DFP+2252+Caltoris+bromus.jpg
Female Taiwan.
https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8170/7969810082_4448f3ce8b_z.jpg

[Psyche]

3. Probably female Pelopidas agna.

The individual is rahter slender.
Pelopidas may ocassionally lose the HW cellspot as here.


Pelopidas agna. UnH more uniform brown & with a cleaner look.
Male with very narrow FW spots 2 & 3.
Males.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tQNuynda7-c/Vk6to9P81eI/AAAAAAAAkj4/aNtww6l2YUM/s1600/PA_male_06b.jpg

The HW cellspot is absent here.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/---kNw2cMzXk/Vk6sG-yQ4pI/AAAAAAAAkis/_D9yI2uoj9Y/s1600/PA_male_05a.jpg

Female.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7zXwSQZiZjw/Vk6snOvQSBI/AAAAAAAAkjc/FLIs7DHMunE/s1600/BengalSwiftF-KSK.jpg




Pelopidas mathias.
Underside with irregular shading or strongly grey tone, with a dirty appearance.
Males.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/budak/51554050560
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NQjrfm7_wKc/VLKJc4Ocs5I/AAAAAAAAf0o/TWF0cOhFUMI/s1600/SBS_adult_Benedict_01.jpg
Females.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Pelopidas%20mathias%20mathias/Small%20Branded%20Swift%20-%202%20-%20Sum%20Chee%20Ming.jpg
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7JuPSD_pjiw/VK_u-_EaVaI/AAAAAAAAfxI/MIhW9LRXrhY/s1600/SBS_adult_underside_02.jpg




TL Seow: Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Thank you Dr.Seow for the detailed id.
Much appreciated.

[Sailfish]

Dear Dr Seow,

What could be the below species?

28420

[Psyche]

Post 56.

Julia Heliconian ,Dryas iulia.

This American butterfly is now very common in Singapore.

TL Seow : Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Thank you Dr Seow.

[Sailfish]

Dear Dr. Seow,

Good afternoon,

Is this the purple bush brown?

28513

Thank you.

[Psyche]

Post 59.

Yes, it is a fairly typical,Purple Bushbrown, Mycalesis orseis.


Tl Seow; Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Thank you Dr.Seow

[Sailfish]

Hi Dr.Seow,

Is this Miletus symethus petronius?

28516

28518

Thank you.

[Psyche]

Post 62.

Probably Miletus gopara female. Correction: Miletus biggsii.

M. symethus.
This can be eliminated because the HW postdiscal spots are crescent with rounded outer margins.
Apices of FW & HW are whitish shaded.
Male & female.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Miletus%20symethus%20petronius/Miletus-symethus-petronius---Sim.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Miletus%20symethus%20petronius/Sunny-Chir---EOS-1D-Mark-III--30_08_2011--0562-copy-4.jpg
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc2/80270010.html


M. biggsii.
Underside more uniform & HW postdiscal spots are blocky.
UnF cellend mark is a thin line.
Male & female.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Miletus%20biggsii%20biggsii/Miletus%20biggsii%20biggsii.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAk6vWg3W3Z9knh3DUPQBoSq2gXc_bt6n1r2T7blGMnd kSpCxDosgynZ9rQ8pZErbpvwpgPl5SCQ1DT79c8OxKIjoBFZKl Dn2fsuSGeEPt6AsTbwXNnlX5bLA-zNJBnrF2HaBpUtipbhI/s1600/BiggsBrownie-MarkW.jpg
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc2/80260001.html


M. gopara.
Underside with uneven shading & whitish apices as in symethus.
HW postdiscal spots part crescent & part blocky. FW postdiscal spots in line.
UnF cellend mark broad band-like.
Female with a variable 'tail' at vein 4.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_5xBXxlKdTI/W-g1uXe3ujI/AAAAAAAAep0/a_8ZVOyCuhcDDpoTPCh9lNNEZcAD2EViQCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC_4275.JPG
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PTIaTlD5yTs/VlMrjaMsIoI/AAAAAAAAXk4/y772RpdWkWk/s1600/DSC_0105.JPG
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc2/80250001.html


Although the tail is not that prominent in thisfemale, comparing the FW cellend mark between gopara & biggsii seem to suggest the former.(Use the Yutaka images.)


TlSeow: cheers.

[Sailfish]

Thank you Dr.Seow,

I have enlarged the image, hope it's clearer.

[Sailfish]

Dear Dr.Seow,

I can't id this individual. Could you help?

28519

28520

Thank you.

[Psyche]

63-64.
Best left as Miletus biggsii female.

The tail is not long enough to be that of M. gopara female.
The FW postdiscal band's spot 6 is dislocated.
In M. gopara this is typically in line. (Varies.)

Id features are often vague & variable in Miletus.


No. 65.
Female Hypolimnas bolina bolina.
The female is very variable.



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Thank you.