Id help for Caltoris sp.

[ButterflyWitch]

Good evening Dr.Seow Sir, I hope you are healthy & good as always.
Caltoris seems to be a confusing & rather difficult genus. So your help in discussion of this confusing genus will make a huge impact for my future expeditions. So your help in identification is highly appreciated.....

1(a).
26428

1(b).
26429

2(a).
26430

2(b).
26431

3(a).
26432

3(b).
26433

4(a).
26434

4(b).
26435

5(a).
26436

5(b).
26437

6(a).
26438

6(b).
26439

7(a).
26440

7(b).
26441

8(a).
26442

8(b).
26443

9(a).
26444

9(b).
26445

10(a).
26446

10(b).
26447

Thank u in advance....

[Psyche]

Caltoris is terribly confusing.
Much of the ID is based on the colouration which is very inconsistently variable in photos.
The spotting is also highly variable.

Caltoris with cellspots.


Caltoris cormasa; FW with 2 small cellspots, the upper often missing. Spot 2 always quadrate. Male no spot 1b.
UnH with a deep reddish tone to the deep marron brown.
2 males ,2 females.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-c7t4k7FNWto/VAmxnaf6kHI/AAAAAAAAP84/mzvRAqFZVxo/s1600/HFH_3719-Caltoris%2Bcormasa.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TjKxWVHrQmg/VGbOal2gmXI/AAAAAAAAfZE/UXtIkUB2kE0/s1600/CC_adult_CherHern_01.jpg
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dg1jseJPJ2g/VMOMMYRta1I/AAAAAAAATvM/76OWCJaA7Yc/s1600/DSC_0115.JPG
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1mxC9fmsGu0/VGOQLox6uJI/AAAAAAAAfXI/MzDK3T1EV9I/s1600/CC_field_02.jpg
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93340001.html

[Psyche]

caltoris brunnea ;FW cellspots prominent. Male with a brand like Pelopidas.
UnH deep purple brown.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93260010.html

Caltoris bromus 'FW cellspots prominent; Male FW sometimes with a spot in space 1b.
UnH dark brown overlaid ochreous; Female often with UnH spot 2, & 3.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93320001.html
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcQ0eSEimgrVaVwBWXNk29ldL9rcpym 4DXPu9A&usqp=CAU
https://live.staticflickr.com/554/18806893565_22586c0ecf_b.jpg

Caltoris cahira austeni ;FW cellspots upper one often small; a spot in space 1b sometimes present.
Unh dark chocolate.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93300010.html
Male/female
https://www.flickr.com/photos/gancw1/21680122591
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7l1dr3n_gKc/UNkf7-O6cQI/AAAAAAAAIJg/leZVbtGOi8k/s1600/DFP+2252+Caltoris+bromus.jpg

Caltoris tenuis.
Body & Un. with greenish hairs/scales.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93310001.html
The green hairs & green scaled UnH indicate C. tenuis -female. Sikkim.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caltoris_cahira_austeni#/media/File:Close_wing_position_of_Caltoris_cahira_austen i_Moore,_1883_-_Austen's_swift_WLB_DSC_4180.jpg

Caltoris confusa. FW cellspot upper one often absent. Male no spot 1b.
Spots reduced. Spot 3 sometimes absent?

C. sirius sirius.
FW cellspots variable.
Male UpF 'always' with a spot in space 1b.
UnH chocolate.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93280001.html

Caltoris aurociliata. Cilia above brown yellow ;FW spots reduced . subapical spot often one. spot 4 may be absent. upper cellspot small.
Obscure spot in space 1b; UnH dark golden brown.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93270001.html
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/94_51423-465-5e6deb60d5e77-1.jpg

A number of the Caltoris are also featured here.
https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Atalanta_42_0193-0200.pdf

[Psyche]

Caltoris without FW cellspots in the area.


Caltoris plebeia :UnF with a pale area in space 1b; spots small, reduced in the male.
UnH chocolate.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93380001.html
Female. Phuket.
http://www.phuketnaturetours.com/Pages/thumbnailpopup.php?z=http://www.phuketnaturetours.com/Images/Skippers%20800/Blank%20Swift%20-%20ssp%20moorei%20-%20female%2002%20-%20Khao%20Ang%20Rue%20Nai%20WS.jpg&width=800&height=600&title=Blank%20Swift%20-%20ssp%20moorei%20-%20female%20%20-%20Khao%20Ang%20Rue%20Nai%20WS


Caltoris kumara moorei UnF without a pale area in space 1b. (some examples may have a diffuse spot.)
UnH overlaid with ochreous brown Ssp. kumara (S India) female may have spots in space 2 & 3.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93350010.html


Caltoris philippina ;FW narrow, margin excavate. Greenish hair & greenish UnH.
Both sexes have a spot in space 1b UpF.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dUpUIge8ARc/VVgQs0A2W2I/AAAAAAAAhcE/G5GhTdkiJzY/s1600/CP_adult_field_male_01.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PKpJ0RdKM-g/VVgQ0Ur9lwI/AAAAAAAAhcM/YslMd-rnvOg/s1600/Caltoris-philippina-philippina--Sunny-Chir-4237.png
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Caltoris%20philippina%20philippina/CP_adult_male_01.jpg

Caltoris tulsi ;UnH with a diffuse whitish band.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93370001.html

[Psyche]

1, 2, & 4 are the same species & should be Caltoris cahira austeni.

1. FW with 2 prominent cellspots , UNH deeper darker brown.
2. FW with 2 cellspots, the upper one rather faint; UnH deeper ,darker brown contrasting with FW; a tiny spot in space 1b visible on right FW.
4. FW with 2 cellspot & a spot 1b; UnH dark & strongly contrasted.


The presence of a spot in FW space 1b suggest C. sirius as it always have it & its underside is described as chocolate.

However the arrangement of the FW spots are different.
C. cahira ; FW spot 2, 3, & 4 rapidly becomes smaller upwards .
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93300010.html

C. sirius;FW spots 2, 3, & 4 tapers gradually to the subapical spots.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93280001.html

[Psyche]

3. probably C. cormasa female.
The 3 subapical spots indicate a female . Very worn.
The UpF spots are yellower in this species.

[Psyche]

5. Caltoris kumara moorei. Female.
The UnH is deeper brown but less than in C. cahira. The 3subapical spots are nearly in line.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93350010.html

[Psyche]

6 is probably Caltoris bromus.
FW with the cellspots prominent.A small space 1b spot. Underside with a more even brown on both wings.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93320001.html

[Psyche]

7 is probably C. cormasa male.
FW with only the lower cellspot present. Main spots rather yellow. UnH a deeper reddish tone.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93340001.html

8. C. cormasa female ;UpF spots yellow ;More distinct red tone.

9. probably C. cormasa male.
UpF spots yellow & Un. same contrast between the wings.

[Psyche]

10 Uncertain. female.
There appears to be two cellspots poorly defined & t spots 4 & the subapical spots are missing.

A reduction in spots can happen in all species.
Could be just C. cormasa but the underside is not quite reddish.


TL Seow :Cheers.

[ButterflyWitch]

Thank u so much for the valuable suggestions & guidance ...
Cheers