ID Verification and Review

[Saffron]

Dear Dr. Seow sir

Thank you so much for guiding me very well. It seems I am in a school learning more and more about my favourite subject with an ideal teacher. :)

Today I'm posting some butterflies that need both - ID confirmation and guidance up to species level identification. Some I have posted looking at individual variation.

Thank you in advance.

1. Capila zennara, Female?

27041


2. Halpe zola?

27042


3. Mycalesis adamsoni?

27043


4. Mycalesis adamsoni?

27044


5. Mycalesis franciska?

27045


6. Heteropsis malsara?

27046


7. Caelenorrhinus leucocera?

27047


8. Neptis sp.

27048


9. Halpe sp.


(a). 27049


(b). 27050


(c). 27051


(d). 27052


10. Rapala dieneces?

27053


11. Nacaduba berenice?

27054


12. Don't know anything about this?
It was quite small in size.

27055


Cheers:cheers:

[Psyche]

1. Capila zennara.
FW band strongly notched.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capila_zennara#/media/File:PisolaZennara_755_2.jpg

C. jayadeva.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/CapilaJayadeva_755_1.jpg

[Psyche]

2. Probably correct as Halpe zola.
Very similar species.
H. zola is said to common in thailand.

Differences inexact & not reliable.

H. zema
HW band more serrated in lower half ;upper end usually cleared of the margin.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91250001.html
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/118_30392-832-5b2f94ae10263-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/HalpeZema/HalpeZema_KrushnameghKunte_ah998.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_11/tbe414.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/622_44599-831-5d80b9e011c46-1.jpg


H. zola.
HW band less serrated in lower half & upper end reaches maegin & diffusely shaded.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91270001.html
https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/b/butterfly-named-long-banded-ace-scientific-name-halpe-zola-thailand-64204911.jpg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/33212211@N00/26941058919/
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xO2SLyjtwvU/VGDB7IdB5HI/AAAAAAAAQiY/55nR5q4jHjE/s1600/HFH4722-Halpe-zola-zola-.jpg

[Psyche]

3 & 4.

Mycalesis adamsoni.
FW postdiscal band curved across the apex from vein4 to costa.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/1049/Mycalesis-adamsonii

[Psyche]

5. Mycalesis francisca.
Underside with a contrasted outer & inner zones as in adamsoni but the postdiscal only slightly curved at the costa.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/875/Mycalesis-francisca


6. Heteropsis malsara.

Underside with a thick white postdiscal band that tapers up to the costa & down to the HW tornus.
http://butterfliesvietnam.blogspot.com/2017/03/255-mycalesis-malsara-white-line.html

[Psyche]

7. Celaenorrhinus leucocera.
FW Lower margin (dorsum) longer than termen (outer margin).FW costa with a spot above cellspot.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90470001.html


C. putra.
FW sharper dorsum = termen. FW lacks costal spot.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90480010.html

[Psyche]

8. Neptis harita.

FW with postdiscal spot 2 largest, helmet shaped pointing in.
HW submarginal band catenulate ie like chaink-link.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim1/720230001.html


Similar but without the same features.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim1/720240010.html

[Psyche]

9 Probably all the same. Halpe wantona.
HW without a band, veins dark & with a series of elongate interneural dark spots continued into the FW.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/halpe-wantona/halpe-wantona-2/
https://pbase.com/lcgoh/image/145434820


H. pelethronix is said to be identical but does not occur in India.

[Psyche]

10. The markings matched that of Rapala dieneces but much faded.
Very likely to be this species.

[Psyche]

11. Male Nacaduba kurava.

Nacaduba species in India are marked slightly differently.

N. kurava can be recognised by the larger submarginal spots with rounded margins or corners.
FW postdiscal is typically straight & entire.
FW outer margin in the male is straight.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/97_56549-916-5eafac885a205-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/536_31507-17-5b4b9ffc47699-1.jpg

N. berenice is a smaller species & the male have the FW rounded ie margin convex.
The spots are somewhat irregular & FW postdiscal band is typically dislocated in the middle.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/538_53204-580-5e932ee12ba0e-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/1611_62652-624-5f0d0b809f522-1.jpg

[Psyche]

12. Probably Caltoris malaya.

Female from the abdominal end.
Plain brown.

Caltoris is very difficult.
Since it is female C. bromus & kumara can be eliminated as the female almost always have HW spot.
C. philippina have narrow pointed FW & C. cahira is very dark chocolate.

Since the size is small the likely candidate is C. malaya female.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-j1Pq5mDimAQ/VuThEifYl8I/AAAAAAAAl1M/iSi-9t2_rTsyMSBLqhDX8PopR58PRdJ8A/s1600/CM_adult_06.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Saffron]

Thank you once again sir. The information you are providing for each butterflies are really helpful.

Cheers:cheers:

[Psyche]

Correction. No. 12

Caltoris malaya is not found in India.

So this remains an unknown Caltoris.


TL Seow: Cheers.