ID Request: Location - Sungai Sedim, Kedah observed on August 24, 2023

[SL Liew]

Hi Dr Seow,
I revisited Sungai Sedim, Kedah yesterday. Need your help to confirm id of these following butterfly encounters. Thanks.

#1 Amathusia ochraceofusca or schoenbergi?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/179914311

#2 Skipper?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/179975823

#3 Arhopala?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/179975809

#4 Hasora?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/179920263

[Psyche]

1. Amathusia ochraceofusca.

The two species can be very similar on the underside.
The Thai images show A. ochraceofusca as having very shallow notches on the FW band, but this is variable.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/ama/50350001.html
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/amathusia-ochraceofusca/

http://yutaka.it-n.jp/ama/50340001.html
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Amathusia-schoenbergi-2.jpg

This example of A. ochraceofusca was taken in P. Malaysia by a Japanese collector.
https://stat.ameba.jp/user_images/20150702/02/iga72/26/15/j/o0754069013353807423.jpg
The deep notches on the outer margin of the FW band are at vein 3, 4, 5, 6, & at the costal margin 7.
Notches 3 & 4 are of equal depth.

In A. schoenbergi the notch at vein 4 is deeper than that at vein 3.



2.Koruthaialos rubecula

K. rubecula UpF red band not reaching costa (but variable)
Also. Outer margin of band not indented in the middle & palpi long.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91510001.html
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Koruthaialos-rubecula.jpg

K. sindu.
Red band often reaches costa UpF ;Red band with a notch on outer margin ;palpi 3rd segment very short.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91530001.html
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Koruthaialos-sindu-1.jpg

Other similar species.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91570001.html
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91580001.html
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92190001.html


3. Arhopala amphimuta male.

4 similar species.
HW with a small white spot on the cilia at the tornus.
A. moolaiana
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/arhopala-moolaiana/
A. norda.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Arhopala-norda.jpg

HW without a tornal white spot.
A. amphimuta ;
Upperside blue to the margin; UnH 'V' spot wellshaped.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-J9Xmngyim6A/UZiTd2FbmPI/AAAAAAAAKLU/giYImR17uDw/s1600/HFH+4500+Arhopala+amphimuta+amphimuta.jpg
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/_yzw2AzY2du4/St5ZUUyxbMI/AAAAAAAADlE/R9bkuGEdqaM/s400/Arhopala+-+TanCP.jpg

A. major.
Upperside with broad brown borders ;UnH 'V' spot distorted.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Arhopala%20major%20major/Arhopala%20major%20major%20-%20Tan%20CP.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Arhopala%20major%20major/Arhopala-major-major---2---Tan-C.jpg



4. Hasora chromus.
Underside dull brown & purplish, white band narrow .FW typically without a subapical spot 6.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasora_chromus#/media/File:CommonBandedAwl.jpg



TL Seow: Cheers.

[SL Liew]

Thanks so much Dr. Seow. Appreciate your detailed sharing, learning examples and identification.