ID request from Penang - March 2024

[SL Liew]

Hello Dr Seow,
Can please help me to id these observations. Thanks again. SL Liew


#1A Curetis? black banded legs
Near sea coast of Teluk Tempoyak, Penang Island - Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200698912

#1B Curetis bulis?
Penang Botanic Gardens Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200493894

#2A Tanaecia julii bouganvillei, female? or Euthalia merta, male?
Penang Botanic Gardens - Jan 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200822661

#2B Euploea phaenareta castelnaui? or Euploea camaralzeman malayica?
Esen Beach Trail, Penang Island - Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200698190
video of same individual
https://www.facebook.com/100003008146821/videos/pcb.1197743864442299/698662375509171

#3A Grass skipper?
Penang Hill - Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200188184

#3B Grass skipper?
Gua Tempurung, Gopeng, Perak - Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/199633485


#3C Grass skipper?
Penang Botanic Gardens - Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/198633041

#3D Grass skipper?
Titi Hayun, near Yan, Kedah - Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/198299410

#3D Grass skipper?
Titi Hayun, near Yan, Kedah - Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/198299409

#3D Grass skipper?
Titi Hayun, near Yan, Kedah - Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/198299406

#4A Zela?
Penang Botanic Gardens - Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201017303

#4B Grass skipper?
Penang Botanic Gardens - Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200983730

#5 Euthalia alpheda yamuna - female?
Penang Botanic Gardens - Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200255831

#6 Euthalia alpheda yamuna - female?Penang Botanic Gardens - Jan 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200822666

#7 Arhopala?
Penang Botanic Gardens - Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201085319

#8 Arhopala?
Penang Botanic Gardens Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200493901

#9 Arphopala pseudomuta?
Penang Botanic Gardens Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201083667

#10 Arphopala pseudomuta?
Penang Botanic Gardens Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201083666

#11 Arphopala pseudomuta?
Penang Botanic Gardens Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201083665


#12 Arphopala pseudomuta?
Penang Botanic Gardens Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200887586

#13 Arhopala?
Penang Botanic Gardens Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200887202

#14 Arhopala?
Penang Botanic Gardens Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200887202

#15 Arhopala?
Penang Botanic Gardens Feb 2024

https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200885331

#16 Arhopala?
Penang Botanic Gardens Feb 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200255843

#16 Arhopala?
Penang Botanic Gardens Jan 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/196011983

#17 Arhopala?
Penang Botanic Gardens Jan 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/193483544

#18 Arhopala?
Penang Botanic Gardens Dec 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/193482556

#19 Arhopala?
Sungai Sedim, Kedah - Aug 2023
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/179975809

#20 ?
Jeram Linang Waterfalls, near Pasir Putih, Kelantan - July 2023
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/171438854

#21 Arhopala?
Specimen that I collected from Penang Botanic Garden - Apr 2023
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/155945509

#22 Arhopala?
Koh Yor Island, Songkhla, southern Thailand - Feb 2023
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147896834

#23 Arhopala?
Penang Botanic Gardens - Mar 2023
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/151480388

[Psyche]

#1A https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200698912

Female Curetis tagalica.
Fascia parallel to margin, irregular.Legs black-banded.
https://wingscales.com/Lycaenidae/Curetis-tagalica-jopa

C. saronis .
Fascia as in C. tagalica but legs banded red/orange to dark red-brown.
https://wingscales.com/Lycaenidae/Curetis-saronis-indosinica
Singapore female.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Curetis%20saronis%20sumatrana/Curetis-saronis-sumatrana-(Sumatran-Sunbeam-)-Sunny-Chir.jpg



#1B .https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200493894
Male curetis bulis.
UnH with postdiscal spot 6 tucked under spot 7; submarginal spot 6 & 7 in line.
This upperside with extensive black areas on the HW is diagnostic.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/353750621/large.jpeg



#2A. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200822661
Female Tanaecia julii.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim2/720900010.html




#2B .https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200698190
Female Euploea phaenareta.
E. phaenareta have large white spots on the FW apical area.
In flight, the FW apices are noticeably white.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/dan/30740010.html
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/dan/30560010.html


E. phaenareta is urbanised because one of its hostplant ,the Pong Pong Tree (Cerbera odollam) used to be planted as a roadside tree.

[Psyche]

#3A .https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200188184
Oerane microthyrus.
Note white band with a small triangular white spot sticking out mid outer margin.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91810010.html



#3B. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/199633485
Isma miosticta.
The antennal club has a white spot & the wing margins are weakly chequered.
The arrangement are as in I. miosticta.
Note spots are well separated & spot 2 have its apex cut off.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91950001.html



#3C https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/198633041
Isma species, probably I. damocles.
HW have large hyaline spots & is sort of rusty brown.
Probable isma damocles.
https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3714/12846030404_06c68b13a6_c.jpg

[Psyche]

#3D 1.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/198299410
Male Pelopidas mathias.
At first this look like Borbo cinnara missing a spot.
There is a faint HW cellspot in the correct position, ie at the origins of veins 6 & 7.
This can be compared to the image below (probably agna) which shows the spot clearly.
https://baliwildlife.com/encyclopedia/animals/insects/butterflies/the-small-branded-swift/
The strong grey tinge IDed this as mathias.



#3D,2. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/198299409
Male Caltoris malaya.
There is no upper cellspot visible, & the pale area on the antenna minimal (mainly on the underside.).
The male is ferruginous ie rusty-brown & the female more ochreous.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj97o06EwDTufa2dla8CXLkzcbdXOjPEPK12nVeqN_rrK PW1tOg9hdKC2hw178a_YRQpNS8dzeP7IuQuLxhALRaihPx3Qk_ VQ7Tz8BRzOodwR0Fy7IlPH9MiGFAHTKCLjW0N0O4rBb2huY/s1600/CM_adult_01.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxJKeiXpdb_4ApC32vClSU_EcMuMh2UFeiFJg0UQGM_x vQO9NjyYwIkyRclHC4KE5j79NG54V1WWB48FL_hvQlzsDK8u6f YAO6ozVse0YJxRPXnJ6q5_EUYiBmvmtplyu_jMoTBhhbw-8/s1600/CM_adult_04.jpg




#3D,3 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/198299406
Polytremis discreta.

Two species are very similar with the HW spots arranged in a distinct manner.
They also been transferred to another genus Zenonoida by some authors.

P. discreta.
Spots are whiter & HW tornal cilia whitish.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Polytremis-discreta-discreta

P. eltola.
The spots are usually slightly more yellowish & the HW tornal cilia yellow.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Polytremis%20eltola%20eltola_1664889964_235557.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polytremis_eltola.jpg

[Psyche]

#4A. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201017303
Zela zeus optima.

This have a contrasted HW with a diffuse cellspot.
The FW have several spots.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/zela-zeus/
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Zela-zeus-optima
https://www.flickr.com/photos/33212211@N00/47621030652

Similar.
Zela storeyi is less contrasted,; HW cellspot vague ;FW with one spot & HW cilia less orange.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh83KHHgKxi87UYIBeaPDUSVN_b6Wu7eyE0t8e6nDb9eN Q7TSP8aE1-faCwxf6Np8a2Qpa6ufRfh0gAbaVohmMdoHtfIVNVYvPzNdFARV fHsoZ3SrwNnfUDV-zIuscCVs7hypS-EUumyPk/s1600/Storey%2527sPalmer.jpg



#4. B https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200983730
Male Zographetus doxus.
The HW postdiscal dark fascia is very variable.
It seem to get wider up north.

Singapore male & female.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Zographetus%20doxus/Zographetus%20doxus%20-%20Fedrick%20Ho.jpg
https://www.singaporegeographic.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Singapore-Geographic-Spotted-Flitter-Butterfly-3.jpg

Thai males.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Zographetus-doxus
https://www.flickr.com/photos/angiud/18669544025/




#5. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200255831
#6. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200822666

Females Euthalia alpheda.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim2/721300010.html

[Psyche]

The alitaeus group of Arhopala.

In a previous thread I called this the pseudomuta group, which is incorrect.
The main species are A. alitaeus, pseudomuta, ariana, aida & elopura.

A few more may be dismissed.ie A. arianaga (montain), sintanga & havilandi (mainly in the south.



A.alitaeus . FW margin slightly rounded, spots large rounded &strongly contrasted.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Arhopala%20alitaeus%20pardenas/AA_adult_female_Chng_02.jpg

A. pseudomuta.[/I FW margin slightly rounded ,spots slightly rounded & moderately contrasted.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Arhopala%20pseudomuta%20pseudomuta/Pseudomuta---1---Horace.jpg

A. elopura. Fw margin slightly convex, spots with straight margins & poorly contrasted. Male UpF border a thread.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/ArhopalaElopuraElopuraMUpUnAC1.jpg/1024px-ArhopalaElopuraElopuraMUpUnAC1.jpg

A. ariana. FW margin fairly straight; spots deeper contrasted than elopura, male UpF dark border narrow.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhopala_ariana#/media/File:ArhopalaArianaMUpUnAC1.jpg

A. aida.FW margin straight ; markings narrower, ground may be purple washed; male UpF dark border broad.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhopala_aida#/media/File:ArhopalaAidaAidaMFUpUnAC1.jpg



# 7 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201085319
Uncertain. Too blur worn.

# 8 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200493901
Probably [I]A. pseudomuta.
FW margin rounded, markings moderately contrasted.

[Psyche]

#9. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201083667
#10 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201083666
#11 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201083665
#12 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200887586

These four have the markings as in A. pseudomuta.
The FW margin is slightly rounded , the contrast moderate.
They should be correct as A. pseudomuta.
#12 has a slight aberration in tha HW postdiscal spot 6 is missing.

[Psyche]

The amphimuta group, subgroup amphimuta.

Four species are rather similar.

28510

A. amphimuta ;HW spot well-formed ;postdiscal band formed by spots 2,3,4,& 5 usually in line.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-J9Xmngyim6A/UZiTd2FbmPI/AAAAAAAAKLU/giYImR17uDw/s1600/HFH+4500+Arhopala+amphimuta+amphimuta.jpg

A. major Hw v spot distorted & the postdiscal band is always dislocated.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj22g7gZfPpEj0kddIrEzACgzAZLLmyIWco22aVpkRsC7 XL90JDXIadTiLvmkmEwZZyJnoCbnKgkrnh6egu_5w_dixfxgGX QRG27GwfVT0eyD9HRtmAPWTOeau6ifE1nmUXryEATXOGJN4G/s1600/A_major_adult_Jonathan_01.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy8je83nn-aiF9Yp7TiGStDaynXzLz0apyRdWicKBN6tyRcGfojiHyxV5OqW FbXlbEO4efkmvcR3ovv6xF2QD-9F6Ydm9Rqe2lP_JzBQMExImqxLoklfaCliFowg5PW09dqcdtw6 BKH0HE/s1600/A_major_adult_Federick_01.jpg

Two other species are similar but always have a white dot on the HW tornal cilia.
A. moolaiana.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Arhopala-moolaiana.jpg

A. norda.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Arhopala-norda.jpg



#13,14 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200887202
Female.
#15 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200885331
Male.
#16a https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200255843
Female.
#16b https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/196011983
Female.

All appear to be A. amphimuta.





#17 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/193483544
#18 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/193482556

Both should be A. pseudomuta.

[Psyche]

##19 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/179975809
This have been delt before. It should be A. amphimuta.

Pic 4. The upperside extensive blue is that of male A. amphimuta or moolaiana.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/313427070/large.jpeg

Pic 1 seem to show a tornal white spot, but the spot is pink & looks to be part of the leaf blemish.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/313422826/large.jpeg

pic 6.The same individual on the same leaf clearly shows there is no tornal white spot.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/313428094/original.jpeg

pic 2. The upperside is that of a female, species uncertain & should not belong here.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/313427060/original.jpeg

[Psyche]

#20. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/171438854
Too blur to id.



#21. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/155945509
Probably male A. amphimuta.
There does not seem to be a white tornal dot.
Ideally the shot should be taken on a darker background.



#22. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147896834
Likely male A. pseudomuta.
The spots are more contrasted than usual, but otherwise a good match.



#23. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/151480388
Should be male A. moolaiana.
The upperside is that of A. amphimuta or moolaiana.

There is a white tornal spot although a bit weak.

A. moolaiana.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/24409929
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/65612962
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Arhopala-moolaiana.jpg

A. amphimuta. there are no example which shows even a trace of a tornal white spot . All Singapore examples.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSIZlLBTI9BGoUvQB3cFDuYUGqaOkXpT-I73WAWRwz8ao_6NXk3ZSyGy09OSZghtCNp02NV8RVrTQab206E NbjI5iiJZ_0OPmhzSt7kTvJb7F9l3S5oDbFA4h86B2RW-ew0O3BZalQzik/s1600/A_adult_Sunny_01.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/_yzw2AzY2du4/St5ZULgd9rI/AAAAAAAADk8/cnD6weB0mEs/s400/Arhopala+-+Jason.jpg
https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/105331668


Many examples of A. major shows a trace of a white tornal spot.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xkuMajucBnY/T8GYExxUwtI/AAAAAAAAF_0/M4yFpUeNmzA/s1600/DSC0591-Arhopala++major+(male).jpg
The male UpF have a broad brown border.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Arhopala%20major%20major/Arhopala-major-major---2---Tan-C.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[SL Liew]

Thanks so much Dr. Seow for your detailed ids. Appreciate them.