Butterflies of Vietnam

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow,

Ended a trip to Vietnam a while ago, have a hefty list that requires some checks. I understand that Vietnam may have more limited materials, and i largely refered to Yukata's website for some IDs, though im still somewhat uncertain on some of these. This is going to be a heavy post, and i would like to apologies in advance as it probably is rather tedious. I understand that material might also be limited so any opinions would be welcome!

Rapala nissa?
1 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464539
2 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464538

Heliophorus delacouri?
3 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464532
4 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216463258

Challenging one for me. Kallima incognita?
5 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464531

Euthalia monina?
6 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464515

Challenging one again. Miletus species
7 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216462576
8 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216462575

Appias nero? I recall theres a similar species towards Appias nero in Vietnam but im not sure
9 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216463228

Two similar skippers? Astictopterus
10 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216462024
11 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464514

Red bobs of sorts, but is faded
12 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216461173

Tanaecia?
13 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216456705

Lethe confusa?
14 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216456692

Graphium xenocles? The one on the right
15 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452843

Graphium macareus? The one on the left
16 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452844

Challenging one also, Curetis sp
17 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452815
18 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216447545

Another Mysterious Euthalia
19 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216341435

Tagiades litigiosa?
20 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216332971

Looks like Halpe zema, but i believe there are many similar looking ones given the amount of Halpe species around
21 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324212

Im not too sure about the status of Thauria in Vietnam, should be aliris or lathiyi?
22 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324207

Elymnias patna?
23 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324185

Elymnias malelas?
24 - https://inaturalist.org/observations/216290615

Dercas gobras?
25 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216292315

Choaspes subcaudata? Realise only two individuals after ive posting here seeing the end of the orange tornal area has differences
26 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/219993926
27 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216436253

Genus Celaenorrhinus is as far as i can go
28 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216436257

The most difficult and tedious one that i need the help most with. Gonna be a lot with the following one, apologies in advance!
Stichophthalma, im sure there is at least 2 - 3 species in my shots here
29 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216465424
30 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216463265
31 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216456696
32 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452812
33 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452811
34 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452809
35 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452807
36 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452807
37 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333098
38 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333095
39 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333094
40 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216332997
41 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216332983
42 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216332963
43 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216332962
44 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216332960
45 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324199
46 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324195
47 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452810

Skipping regards
Zick

[Psyche]

Terrible tough lots.

#1.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464539
#2.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464538

likely Rapala suffusa.
FW band is cueved ,HW specked patch half the size ;ochreous ground colour.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4i/83970001.html
https://wingscales.com/Lycaenidae/Rapala-suffusa-suffusa

R. nissa have FW band/line straight # underside brownish.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4i/84140001.html



#3.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464532
#4.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216463258

Heliophorus delacouri.
Un without lines .UnH space 2 postdiscal white spot merged with the white lunulate margin.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4b/8b009001.html

H. kohimensis is similar but UnH white postdiscal spot in space 2 is separated from the lunulate margin of the red border.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4b/8b007010.html

[Psyche]

#5.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464531
I can't find any explanation to differentiate the different species.

#6. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464515
Euthalia monina kesava.
A small white spot is sometimes present on the FW.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim2/721310010.html


#7.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216462576
Miletus chinensis female.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216462576


#8. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216462575
Uncertain. Probably male M. chinensis.

[Psyche]

#9. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216463228
The sp. in Vietnam is Appias galba. It has sharper FW apex.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/pie/20570001.html


#10.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216462024
#11.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216462024

Astictopterus jama.
Note the vague fascia.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Astictopterus%20jama%20jama/Forest%20Hopper%20-%20khew%20-%203.jpg


#12. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216461173
Koruthaialos rubecula.
Note the long palpi 3rd segment (labial palps) with zoom.
The only species with this feature.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Koruthaialos-rubecula.jpg

[Psyche]

#13 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216456705
Tanaecia jahnu female.
See female from Nong Khai.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim2/720910001.html


#14. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216456692
Lethe confusa female.
Note very regular discal line.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/sat/40220001.html


#15 (right). https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452843
Graphium xenocles
Note orange tornal spot.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/pap/15200010.html


#16. (left) https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452844
Graphium macareus.
Note horizontal stripe in space 3 unbroken.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/pap/15000020.html

In G. megarus ,horizontal stripe in space 3 broken.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/pap/15400010.html

[Psyche]

#17. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452815
#18. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216447545

Likely Curetis dentata.
Underside with fine spots.
HW postdiscal & discal spots in spaces 6 & 7 are aligned & nearly parallel.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84060010.html
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84060020.html

In C. bulis HW spot 6 is slightly under spot 7.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84030001.html
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/curetis-bulis/


#19.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216341435
Female Euthalia monina kesava.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim2/721310010.html


#20.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216332971
Tagiades litigiosa.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Tagiades-litigiosa-litigiosa


#21. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324212
Halpe elana. Correction: Halpe zola..
Note irregular sinuous band.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91280001.html

[Psyche]

#22.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324207

Thauria lathyi.
See distribution map in website.
T. aliris does not occur in Vietnam.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/ama/50500010.html
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/ama/50490020.html



#23.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324185

Elymnias patna.
Note underside little striations & series of postdiscal spots.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/sat/40080001.html



#24.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216290615

Elymnias saueri ( previously as E. casiphone.)
Note HW dark submarginal fascia.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/sat/40120010.html
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Elymnias-saueri

E. malelas .Note clean striated look.
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Elymnias-malelas




#25.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216292315

Dercas verhuelli.
D. gobrias does not occur in Vietnam.
See distribution map in website.
FW dark border extend down margin more.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/pie/21070010.html
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/pie/21090010.html

[Psyche]

#26.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/219993926
#27.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216436253

Choaspes subcaudata.

This pic doesn't seem to show a tail & might be a different species. Possibly C. xanthopogon.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/382780507/large.jpeg


The difficulty is in judging the tail, ie. whether it is a long tailed species or not.
Two species are long-tailed & three are short-tailed.
At rest the tornal lobe is folded into a tail.
To id properly it is necessary to shoot a bit of opened fold. This show up as a narrow triangle.
Within the fold the extent of the black patch is critical in the id.

Longtailed species.

1. Choaspes subcaudata.
Fold with the black area extending near to the margin.
Note the black area within the opened triangular fold.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Choaspes-subcaudatus-crawfurdi
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Choaspes-subcaudatus.jpg



2. Choaspes stigmatus.
Note the black patch extend very little in the triangular fold.
https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/50110357277_cc8462b97b_b.jpg
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Choaspes-stigmatus-1.jpg


Short-tailed species.

3. Choaspes benjaminii
Black inside the triangular fold little; spots also tend to be small.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/153_6069-850-554318fe78b49-2.jpg
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Choaspes-benjaminii.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/94_57504-781-5eb939a11b1b8-1.jpg



The next two have more extensive black & can look very similar.

4. Choaspes furcatus.
Black colour is extensive in the tornal fold ,reaching close to the margin.
Large tornal black spot tend to be angled inwards, slightly 'hooked'.
https://wingscales.com/media/2400/3055-1-06b00.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choaspes_furcata#/media/File:Close_wing_position_of_Choaspes_furcata_Evans ,_1932_%E2%80%93_Hooked_Awlking.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-KPNCRM3cMpFm3zDQePsliCJ92tyb5z_QCA5-AUFnCWIVD16tUL4txBZXCJOXAKRR1IUuxT78c91wa0aJsd9frR aOKlKD2QuHWJPtJF24VjDjGgMiaVTtORIjBXaQydu7RY16LBul ShRM1a78MvUJkb0UGNXCqZk72_Sy_xSUAtPkJjFteOIuIcdgoP Y/w640-h427/HookedAwlking.jpeg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/av115_0.jpg
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90340001.html


5. Choaspes xanthopogon.
The black in the HW tornal fold is slightly less than in furcatus.
The tornal black spot is aligned fairly straight.
the upperside is more brown.
Probable.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/94_57505-659-5eb939f130b1c-1.jpg
Taiwan (Note only two spp in Taiwan,namely xanthopogon & benjaminii.)
https://www.123rf.com/photo_82247957_butterfly-from-the-taiwan-choaspes-xanthopogon-chrysopterus-hsu-brown-winged-green-butterfly.html
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90320001.html




#28.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216436257

Celaenorrhinus leucocera.
Male antennae all white. HW spots small. discal one most prominent.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90470001.html
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Celaenorrhinus-leucocera

[Psyche]

Revision.

#5.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464531

Kallima incognita.

Molecular analysis have indicate four species in the Indo-chinese area.

1. FW orange band with the undulating dark submarginal line well-developed in space 2.

1a. Kallima alicia.
Upperside largely brown.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/nym/760330010.html

1b. Kallima inachus siamensis.
Upperside deeply blue-green shot.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/nym/760320010.html
2nd ssp. alboinachus is marked with a white band.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/nym/760320020.html


2. FW orange band with the submarginal line absent or very weak in space 2.

2a. Kallima limborgi.
Restricted to southern Thailand & P. Malaysia.
FW orange in space 1b small. Discal white spot not distinctly black-ringed.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/nym/760350001.html
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Kallima-limborgii-limborgii

2b. Kallima incognita.
Occur throughout the Indochinese region.
FW orange in space 1b more extensive, sullied. Discal white spot distinctly black-ringed.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/nym/760340001.html
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Kallima-incognita

[Psyche]

Stichophthalma fruhstorferi.

HW with the submarginal band formed of zigzagging lunulate spots.
Eyespots incomplete, several missing from each wing.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/ama/50240001.html


#29. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216465424
#30. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216463265
#31. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216456696
#32. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452812
#33. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452811


Stichophthalma howqua iapetus is similar but HW submarginal more blocky & FW discal band wide at costa & tapered sharply to a narrow band below vein 4.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/ama/50230020.html

[Psyche]

Stichophthalma suffusa tonkiniana.
#34. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452809
#35. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452807
#36. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452807
#37. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333098
#38. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333095
Also include the rest from # 39 to # 47. Correction : # 46 & 47 are S. fruhstorferi.


Two species are very similar on the underside.
They usually have a complete set of ocelli though spot 3 on both wings may be weak.

S. mathilda .
HW submarginal spots large ,inner margins often crenate, coloured orange to red-brown.
Ssp in Vietnam is mathilda.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/ama/50290020.html
As S. louisa mathilda.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/angiud/14272048946/in/photostream/


S. suffusa tonkiniana.
UpH submarginal spots merged with the marginal spots.
UnH submarginal spots narrow ,grey brown as the marginal spots.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/ama/50220010.html
https://butterfliesvietnam.blogspot.com/2015/07/7-stichophthalma-suffusa-tonkiniana.html


TL Seow; Cheers.

[Zicky]

Stichophthalma suffusa tonkiniana.
#34. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452809
#35. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452807
#36. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452807
#37. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333098
#38. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333095
Also include the rest from # 39 to # 47.


Two species are very similar on the underside.
They usually have a complete set of ocelli though spot 3 on both wings may be weak.

S. mathilda .
HW submarginal spots large ,inner margins often crenate, coloured orange to red-brown.
Ssp in Vietnam is mathilda.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/ama/50290020.html
As S. louisa mathilda.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/angiud/14272048946/in/photostream/


S. suffusa tonkiniana.
UpH submarginal spots merged with the marginal spots.
UnH submarginal spots narrow ,grey brown as the marginal spots.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/ama/50220010.html
https://butterfliesvietnam.blogspot.com/2015/07/7-stichophthalma-suffusa-tonkiniana.html


TL Seow; Cheers.

Thanks Doctor Seow for your comments!
Would 46 and 47 be S.fruhstorferi base on your comments??

and is there any possible other halpe species in https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324212
I note the other halpe elana photos seems rather to have a more uniform white zigzag band compared to mine

[Psyche]

Thanks Doctor Seow for your comments!
Would 46 and 47 be S.fruhstorferi base on your comments??

and is there any possible other halpe species in https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324212
I note the other halpe elana photos seems rather to have a more uniform white zigzag band compared to mine

Your are right.
# 46 & # 47 are both S. fruhstorferi.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324195
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452810

I did click them both to put aside but forgot about them.

[Psyche]

# 21.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324212

This should be correct as Halpe elana. Correction: Halpe zola.

I have check through all the Halpe species present in Indochina.
Only five species have a typical band ie H. zema, zola, zinda , ormenes, & elana.

Halpe ormenes. UnH band ( often white )with both margins regular.( Not found in vietnam)
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91260010.html

Halpe zema. Band yellow; Outer margin of HW band in space 2 &3 sharply deep serrated. Band usually fall short of touching the costa.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91250001.html

Halpe zola. Band yellow; outer margin in space 3 retain the sharp point ;in space 2 the outer margin is blunted.
HW band often reaches the costal margin.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91270001.html
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Halpe-zola.jpg


Halpe zinda. UnH outer margins of whitish band in space 2 & 3 not deep serrated ,but irregularly fringed or with slight offset dentitions along veins 2 & 3.
(Not in Vietnam.)
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91253010.html
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/37488158/medium.jpg

Halpe elana; UnH band yellowish ,typically narrower; outer margin of band in space 2 & 3 blunted.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91280001.html
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Halpe-elana


# 21 . Although it looks somewhat like the male Halpe zema at Mae Hong Son, have the band in space 2 & 3 blunted, not serrated.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91250001.html

The sharp serrations in space 2 & 3 ,of the band's outer margins in Halpe zema is a consistant feature.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/halpe-zema/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halpe_zema#/media/File:Close_wing_position_of_Halpe_zema_Hewitson,_1 877_%E2%80%93_Zema_Banded_Ace_DSC_1917.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/HalpeZema_KrushnameghKunte_ah998.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Psyche]

correction.

#21. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324212

Halpe zola.


Halpe elana has not been recorded from Vietnam.
https://bugs-alive.blogspot.com/2018/04/butterflies-of-vietnam-checklist.html
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91280001.html
The band in H. elana is always narrow & its inner margin regular.

In Halpe zola the band is rather variable & irregular.

This image is close to the male at Sa Kaeo.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91270001.html

TL Seow; Cheers.

[Zicky]

correction.

#21. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324212

Halpe zola.


Halpe elana has not been recorded from Vietnam.
https://bugs-alive.blogspot.com/2018/04/butterflies-of-vietnam-checklist.html
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91280001.html
The band in H. elana is always narrow & its inner margin regular.

In Halpe zola the band is rather variable & irregular.

This image is close to the male at Sa Kaeo.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91270001.html

TL Seow; Cheers.

Thanks Doctor Seow! See more similarity here

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow,

Revisiting some of my Vietnam pics and looking to ID some of the more tricky ones, despite being common

Euploea mulciber?
1 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216290664
2 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216290666
3 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216341375
4 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216341380
5 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216436241
6 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216436256
7 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452789

Euploea sp
8 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333073
9 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333103
10 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216447594
11 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216447603
12 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216447608 (its a group of them, but refering to the center one)
13 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452766
14 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452768
15 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464555
16 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216466064

Tirumala septentrionis
17 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333066
18 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452817 (the one behind the parantica)
19 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452849 (the one on the rock, though the one flying seems to be also the same species)
20 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216456684
21 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216456711

Parantica melaneus
22 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452749
23 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452798
24 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452820
25 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452847

Parantica aglea
26 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464553

Eurema
27 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216462023
28 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333017
29 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216263946
30 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216263937

Melanitis leda
31 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216434303 (much bigger than a wet season form beside, just in case im mixing any other species)
32 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216434325
33 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216436217

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 17.

1.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216290664
Euploea eunice coelestis
UnF discal spot in space 2 always large.
Hw with the peripheral spots small, the submarginal series becoming farther apart upwards.
HW without discal spots.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/dan/30800020.html

2.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216290666
Male Euploea runice coelestis.

3. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216341375
Male Euploea eunice.

4.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216436241
Female Euploea eunice.

5.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216436241
Female E. eunice.

6. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216436256
Female E. eunice.


7. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452789
Male Euploea mulciber.
FW apex bluntly produced.
Note HW with some white postydiscal streaks..diagnostic.
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Euploea-mulciber-mulciber

[Psyche]

Post 17.

8.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333073
Male E. mulciber. Note HW white streaks.

9.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333103
Left male E. mulciber.

Right male e. tulliolus.
Markings as in E. eunice.
FW discal spot 2 if visible small.
Size smaller than E. mulciber.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/dan/30720020.html


10.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216447594
Male Euploea modesta. UpF with one costal spot
HW with inner submarginal spots about 3 X longer than the marginal ones.Size with a more gradual taper upwards.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/dan/30500001.html
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Euploea-modesta-modesta

Similar.
Euploea algea. UpF with one costal spot.
UnH inner submarginal spots up to 4-5 X longer than the marginal spots. Abruptly rounded above vein 4.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/dan/30600020.html
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Euploea-algea-limborgii

Euploea sylvester.
UnF usually with two costal white spots.
UnH submarginal spots mostly rounded about 2 X marginal spots.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/dan/30680010.html
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Euploea-sylvester-harrisii

[Psyche]

Post 17.

11. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216447603
Top four left to right.

Euploea mulciber.
E. tulliolus.
E. modesta.
Tirumala septentrionis.



12.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216447608
Left to right.
E. mulciber, E. mulciber, E. tulliolus. E. tulliolus, & E. mulciber.


13.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452766
Uncertain.
very worn.
Shape like E. mulciber but diagnostic white streak absent.
Not E. eunice as Unf discal spot in space 2 small.
Probably Euploea tulliolus.
Correction: Wingshape sufficient to ID this as a male E. mulciber.


14 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452768
Male E. eunice.
Note large discal spot 2.


15.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464555
Probably E. eunice.
UpF spot 2 is hidden.


16.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216466064
If it is very large it is E. eunice.
E. eunice is twice the size of E. tulliolus.

[Psyche]

Post 17.

Tirumala septentrionis.
Markings narrow & deeper blue/green.
FW cellend spot sinuous & fully detached.
UnH cell with blue reduced to a deep 'V' by a broad brown bar.
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Tirumala-septentrionis-septentrionis


Tirumala gautama.
FW cellend spot irregular & not fully detached.
UnH cell divided by a central bifurcate streak.
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Tirumala-gautama-gautama


Tirumala limniace.
Markings paler blue , large & rounded.
FW cellend spot broad & well detached.
UnH cell marked by an incomplete split streak.
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Tirumala-limniace-limniace



17.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333066
T. septentrionis male.

18.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452817
Two T. septentrionis above Parantica melaneus.

19.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452849
Left T. septentrionis.
Middle Left to right. T. septentrionis,2 P. melaneus in front of E. mulciber ;T septentrionis in front of another P. melaneus.
Top. Three E. mulciber .


20. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216456684
Female T. septentrionis.

21.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216456711
Female T. septentrionis.

[Psyche]

Post 17.

Parantica sita sita.
FW with the markings large, the discal spots in space 2 often merging.
UnH cell wider & angled near mid-upper arm.
UnH space 7 blue band smaller with diffuse borders.
UpH with more reddish brown
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/dan/30250001.html
https://wingscales.com/media/2400/5923-1-39ece.jpg
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Parantica-sita-sita


Parantica melaneus.
FW markings smaller & well-separated.
UnH cell narrower & less angled on the upper arm.
UnH space 7 blue space large,clearly marked out by dark veins.
UpH ground colour very dark brown/black.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/dan/30210001.html
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Parantica-melaneus
Yutaka have indicated this image below is rightly P. melaneus, not P. sita.
Note UnH space 7.
https://wingscales.com/media/2400/5928-1-3f532.jpg


Parantica aglea.
Smaller species ,paler, greyish with reduced darkening on the HW.
FW & HW cell marked by a thin streak.
FW space 1b marked by a median streak.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/dan/30150010.html
http://paro6.dnp.go.th/paro6_royal_project/Web%20Butterflies%20%20hara%20Bala/Butterflies%20pages/1-Glassy%20Tiger/Glassy%20tiger.htm
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Parantica-aglea-melanoides



22.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452749
23.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452798
24.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452820
Parantica melaneus.

25.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452847
Two Tirumala septentrionis.
Three Euploea mulciber.
Two Parantica melaneus.
There is a single P. aglea behind the 2nd T. septentrionis.
Note FW space 1b & HW cell shows a bit of the central dark streak.


26.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464553
Parantica aglea.

[Psyche]

Post 17.

Eurema with two cellspots.


E. hecabe hecabe.
FW black border include towards tornus in space 2 & 3.
HW angular, quadrate.
Very variable.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/pie/21240001.html


E. simulatrix sarinoides.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/pie/21280020.html
HW not angular; a tiny black spot at the base of space 7.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/pie/21280020.html
https://wingscales.com/Pieridae/Eurema-simulatrix-sarinoides


E. ada indosinica.
FW apex rounded.
UnH spot 7 sinuous; no spot at base of space 7.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/pie/21380020.html
https://wingscales.com/Pieridae/Eurema-ada-indosinica



27.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216462023
28.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333017
E. hecabe.
FW border inclination; HW angular.

29.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216263946
HW angular; FW cellspots not visible.
Likely E. hecabe.

30.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216263937
Two cellspots.
No other remarkable features.
Probably E. hecabe.

[Psyche]

Post 17.

Melanitis.
Highly variable & difficult to separate.

M phedima
Strongly arched FW costa. Tail at vein 4 long or short.FW 32-35mm.
https://d29tlldvxtis6c.cloudfront.net/full/_9029944-indiaarunachalpradeshpakken.p.2sep17-melanitisphedimaganapatidarkeveningbrown-pameladonaldson2918.jpg

Melanitis leda. FW 35-40mm.
Very variable Tail at vein 4 short .Often striated with large ocelli.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/sat/40010001.html
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Melanitis-leda-leda

Melanitis zitenius.
Larger FW 42-50mm . HW tail at vein 4 long.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/sat/40030010.html
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Melanitis-zitenius-auletes


31.https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Melanitis-zitenius-auletes
32.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216434325
Uncertain. If it is large probably M. zitenius.

33.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216436217
Melanitis leda.
Striated ground pattern & large ring eyespots.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Thanks Doctor Seow for the past ID, was pretty busy so didnt manage to follow through. Euploea is a challenging genus for me. Do u happen to know any vietnam fieldguide aside from online for Yukata? Thinking if i can expand my knowledge a little bit

Would like to follow up a couple more

Hasora badra? This one im quite fairly sure
1 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216429692
2 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216436258
3 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216466063

Hasora vitta? Base on the dot on the forewing(blur for both pics, but somewhat visible)
4 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216456685
5 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216456675
6 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216436248

Pelopidas agna?
7 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216263876
8 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216456690
9 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464562

Parnara
8 - Parnara bada? A challenging genus!
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333036
9 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464542
10 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464552
11 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464561


Couldnt recall this one, but a nice skipper
12 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216341430

Potanthus
13 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464541

Curetis
14 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216447545

Neptis hylas?
15 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333065

Neptis harita?
16 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216326023

Skikpping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 25.

The Yutaka website is the most comprehensive with regular updates from collecting data.
The images are rather low-res though.


1 2, 3. Hasora badra.


4,5 & 6. Hasora vitta.
FW with a subapical spot.
UnH band widens in middle of upper half; inner margin smooth, regular.



7, 8,& 9.
Look correct as Pelopidas agna.

P. agna Male upperside with markings narrow.
Underside not grey-tinged with a cleaner uniform brown/ochreous look.
Male & female.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/styles/284_265/public/622_68508-121-5f68836d28b93-2.jpg?itok=F2CLVsJe
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLLX75Fd_Lu3TD9PJzTAaUGG-yS6_d-Xku27iqm2ydPpDbnBibQAVHMCoJ7DPOFGejnYS8AeQdG9-VmFg9fKKoBK1E0qAGDh7g9Y0TV-Qx5V0rzmKZj-AI4PN3VCJBhlW_PGA_6jyjhbo/s1600/BengalSwiftF-KSK.jpg

P. mathias ; male upperside spots broader usually quadrate.
Underside tinged grey with uneven shading & a dirty look.
Male & female.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Pelopidas%20mathias%20mathias/small%20banded%20swift%20-bene.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2LvsRsD6nwX-tuvk5jT3fqhVUYW-8x64bL2MK9Vf8j_NJkiEeeo95tv6Xd6_W2uZl5wsKL8F_DlSyM _ZwxITHOkGvbMlN9fQYLZkvIoaCMr1lPLYBgRxz2FYbSGgUhF5 ZZ0_AgQuJz6Nr/s1600/SBS_adult_01.jpg



Parnara 8.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333036
Antennal club thin ,UnH with dark irregular spots. Image not clear.
Should be Isma bononia.
Isma bononia.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/46345835/large.jpg

9, 10, & 11 .
UnH spots small irregular.
Probaly correct as Parnara bada.
Male left.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/918039/original.jpg


12. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216341430
Arnetta atkinsoni.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91040001.html


13. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464541
Probably Potanthus flavus.
Underside bands heavily edged with dark spots.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Potanthus_flavus.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/89710891/large.png


14. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216447545
Curetis dentata dentata or as Curetis acuta dentata.
Ground with black specks & band oblique.
UnH submarginal striae 6 & 7 perfectly aligned, likewise postdiscal striae 6 & 7.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84060010.html
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Curetis-acuta-dentata-3.jpg
https://wingscales.com/Lycaenidae/Curetis-dentata-dentata


15.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333065
Neptis hylas.
UpF with fracture cell-bar.broad postdiscal spots UpH often base of space 3 with a tiny white spot forming part of band.
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Neptis-hylas-kamarupa


16. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216326023
Neptis harita.
UpH submarginal fasciae forms a catenulate (like chain-link) band.
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Neptis-harita-harita


TL Seow : Cheers.