Id need scrutiny

[ButterflyWitch]

Good morning Dr. Seow Sir...
All these photos are taken in this weak from Jampui Hill, Tripura. Need your confirmation and guidance with keys.

1. Koruthaialos butleri?
There are some confusion that some times rubecula has also uniform brown forewing...
28622

2. Koruthaialos rubecula?
28623

3. Koruthaialos sindu?
28624

4. Koruthaialos sindu?
28625

5. Pelopidas assamensis? White spots on forewing indicates that!
28626

6. Pelopidas assamensis?
28627

7. Neptis namba namba?
28628

8. Pantoporia sandaka davidsoni?
Is there any identification key based on UN?
28629
28630

9. Telicota bambusae bambusae?
28631
28632

10. Telicota linna linna? Is that Telicota ohara jix have narrow thin orange sex brand?
28633
28634

11. Borbo cinnara? Prominent spot on space 1b suggest that!
28635
28636

12. Halpe sp. need help
28637
28638

13. How can I differentiate Tarucus ananda and Tarucus waterstradti?
28639

14. Discophora sondaica?
28640

15. Parantica melaneus?
28641

Thank you in advance...:)

[Psyche]

1.https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28622&d=1729311898
1. Koruthaialos butleri.

2.https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28623&d=172931195
Koruthaialos sindu.

3. https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28624&d=1729312012
4. https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28625&d=1729312038
Koruthaialos sindu variant.
28643

The most important feature for ID is to get a clear shot of the palpi 3rd segment in front of the eyes.

In K. rubecula the palpi c3rd segments are long & upright.
The outer border of the orange is regular without a notched.
The orange band usually falls short of reaching the costa on both surface.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91510010.html
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/koruthaialos-rubecula/
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/KoruthaialosRubecula_KrushnameghKunte_ag467_1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/1_14758-56-5810c3fad2de6-3_1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/171_19726-105-59b8185ccb676-1_1.jpg


Koruthaialos sindu.
The palpi 3rd segment is short & conica.
The orange band have a mid-margin notch on the outer border.
The orange band typicall reaches the costal margin but variable.
There does not seem to be a plain brown form.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91530001.html
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/2530699/large.jpg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/95930640@N05/9409434720
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6RkAaBJ000s/T-K3aDr6a_I/AAAAAAAAGNA/OxkxMDv66sE/s640/DSC1400++Koruthaialos+sindu.jpg



Koruthaialos butleri.
The palpi 3rd segment are short & conical as in K. sindu.
The colour is a uniform brown ,perhaps lighter in the apical zone.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91520001.html
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/663_26577-43-5aa6414951613-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/95_5649-721-55329f4b25414-1_3.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Koruthaialos%20butleri_1667642038_238576.jpg

[Psyche]

5.https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28626&d=1729312416
6.https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28627&d=1729312451

Pelopidas assamensis.

Readily identifiable.
Large. UnF & UnH with white spots ; FW spots large; HW spots variable, sometimes only spot 4.
Antennae with a white band.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Pelopidas-assamensis


7.https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28628&d=1729312498

Neptis namba.

N. namba. cell-bar with upper notch & postdiscal spot 2 almost detached.
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Neptis-namba-namba

N. miah. cell-bar without a notch & spot 2 not detached.
https://wingscales.com/media/2400/5880-1-4a930.jpg

N. ananta. cell-bar with an upper notch. postdiscal spot 2 widely detached.
https://wingscales.com/media/2400/418-1-71a21.jpg


8.https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28629&d=1729312644
https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28630&d=1729312713

Pantoporia hordonia.

This enigmatic species seem to be terribly confused with P. sandaka through its range.
In India it is very confusing with seasonal forms muddling up the picture.

P. hordonia; Grey submarginal band typically wider than the thin orange band.
Typical male form in P. Malaysia.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6TIVtGI_okk/U3dZiNWZG2I/AAAAAAAAOdc/ONasPwcgx60/w1200-h630-p-k-no-nu/DSC_0229.JPG

P. sandaka ;Grey band narrow, broken up bu the orange band.
Typical male form in Singapore.
https://farm1.staticflickr.com/939/42955544194_6c7f1ca40b_b.jpg

Forms in India are very confusing.
Undersides are of no help.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/pantoporia-hordonia
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/pantoporia-sandaka

[ButterflyWitch]

But sir, the grey submarginal line looks narrow in my picture....! Then why not it is sandaka!

[Psyche]

But sir, the grey submarginal line looks narrow in my picture....! Then why not it is sandaka!

The grey band is still wider than the adjacent orange band.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28629&d=1729312644

Examples of P. hordonia in India.
Males.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Pantoporia%20hordonia%20hordonia_1690051844_231783 .jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Pantoporia%20hordonia%20hordonia_1690051844_231782 .jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_93146-130-61b1e87ebf395-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/287_60079-220-5ee2568daf17b-1.jpg
Females.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_28089-815-5accd9455021e-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/435_13643-365-57d525ab3a921-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/2914_92085-530-61a1f2e5b68bd-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/1416_91331-859-618d547fdd88b-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/1001_88582-603-614de047e0bae-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/1416_91331-859-618d547fdd88b-2.jpg


Examples of P. sandaka in India.
Grey band reduced mostly to beads.
In dsf the grey band may be almost eliminated.
Males.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/87_2962-930-54b27a7b1fc15-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/113_9760-366-564f20ae56763-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Pantoporia%20sandaka%20davidsoni_1665604287_237305 .jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/113_9760-366-564f20ae56763-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/425_19294-115-59949ab2ef8be-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/118_92745-381-61abbf2b04c7c-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_92484-393-61a9819f4cf14-1.jpg
females.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Pantoporia%20hordonia%20hordonia_1678441701_245053 .jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/1611_89264-139-6158767eec63a-2.jpg


Note there will always be forms which are intermediate, crosses between the two species.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[ButterflyWitch]

Ok sir...now confusion is clear
Thank you again sir...

[Psyche]

9.https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28631&d=1729312992
https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28632&d=1729313015
Telicota bambusae male.


10.https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28633&d=1729313112
https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28633&d=1729313112
Telicota ohara male.

Note All Telicota males have GREY brand not orange as wrongly stated in a website.


Telicota bambusae. relatively small FW 15mm.
Fw bnad appear relativel broad.
Male brand moderately broad & straight.
Base of space 2 dark, rarely with some orange scaling.
Underside HW veins not/barely dark-dusted in both sexes.
Female with two longish cellend bars.
Males.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_48773-3-5ded3d25428ab-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_48773-3-5ded3d25428ab-1.jpg
Female.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/TelicotaBambusae_HemantOgale_an075.jpg

Telicota linna. FW 18mm.
FW band relatively narow.
Base of space 2 black.
Male brand moderated broad ,straight.
Underside HW veins not dark-dusted in both sexes.
Female with two short cellend bars.
Males.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-5ETyha31-TTJisXtOhPqeWkDR1Jjk1hD1QuhoH5oB1YOQsd4v8zKPsCNhoU Wf5RRZy37sHE9AvbXmLSiU9V1uU2XNwbn13j-KRzRERQtuWt8kRGjIZ9vPFf_E5wNVzSq8QcVyZ-QDGg/s1600/Telicota-linna-Males---Horace-Tan.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJn2uGqsrVGadQRWXtpGkSybI2m-X38wmHFlg86MnGy6Fr7phAFcGprohM4kLDfGBYFwSWEzqO8WrV hHQJKMctg3jNXn3zwx-nwtJb0aHhspNXqTNofcDs14ewCh-uVpOGT-wKDu6R4Mw/s1600/TL_male_02.jpg
Females.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqbC9LJEDG8suo6E4sgRDpgLcWmfHaiqD8y7wCgzLgfG PsPk-S6Y_uiYISfdbFCHgsuTEiQzqPIfk8YhmMscZ0pHLnXu-8Cc4OdznpcM3sI5jmdtpcupfJdLqu70tW98OSmoZKbeUt6gc/s1600/Telicota-linna-Females---Horace-Tan.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9SqQx_qbrsZ8IrT0wSwQeW1sdfzF7-PPOb810npz_Eyd4kLiEPINFUABpi5RK6-TLoZdE0mjKob6tLnIZzH-QFt3uVa7XPzfEmqK1UIHWaLwGEpPDAcDaUoAEKyNWR55uXFOiP ayuffM/s280/TL_female_up_01.jpg


Telicota ohara. large, Fw 20mm.
Male brand very narrow & straight.
UnH inner margin of band appearing straight.
Males
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/1309_50979-177-5e5c83f07e9bd-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/1611_83908-689-60d0b725a57d5-1.jpg
Female.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/telicota-ohara/

[Psyche]

11.https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28635&d=1729313567
https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28636&d=1729313582

Typical Borbo cinnara male.

Unh without a cellspot.
Typically three spots 2, 3, & 6. Sometimes additional spots 4 & 5.
FW subapical spots 6, 7, & 8 always in an arc.
fW discal spots 2,& 3 with concave margins.
FW always with an opaque spot in space 1b, in both sexes.
FW cellspots ,0, 1 or 2.
Antennal club thick.
Female, two males.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKbHYZ66OdQDIs5lchm-j-pfJymG1hzVwzvtMfP7Wk1pVS2W6PqeRJe_DCVlCExt8oZkqtbw bN74b4RGgyuIWbZ5CBMObWfHX2UQiL7otUleulLSrHwaRhO4Gn ZHmw9_k-svJPe2m4_sMq/w1200-h630-p-k-no-nu/FS_adult_Khew_01.jpg
https://s3.animalia.bio/animals/photos/full/original/close-wing-basking-of-borbo-cinnara-wallace-1866-rice-swift-wlb-img-5036a.webp
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Borbo%20cinnara_1727574307_275586.jpg




12.https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28637&d=1729313621
https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28638&d=1729313638

Halpe veluvana brevicornis.

FW with spots 2 & 3 broadly overlapping (as in arcuata).
Spots distinctly yellow.
UnH with weak interneural spots (as in arcuata, wantona).
Ground colour distinctly yellow.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91420010.html
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Halpe-veluvana-brevicornis

Halpe flava is also yellow but UnH interneural spots are very small in space 4 & 5.& UpF spots are whitish.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91360001.html
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Halpe-flava

[Psyche]

13.https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28639&d=1729313720

Tarucus ananda.

28644
Identification can be done on the HW alone.

Tarucus waterstradti.
Marginal spots small & the tornal spot in space 2 flat.
Postdiscal series of spots large & regular. all spots single.
HW cellend bar & midcell bar well separated.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/TarucusWaterstradti_AmolPatwardhan_aq242.jpg


Tarucus ananda.
Marginal spots large & that in space 2 large & rounded.
Postdiscal spots small.
Postdiscal spot 5 very large, due to the merging of postdiscal & discal spot 5.
Cellend bar & midcell bar close & often merged.
On the FW the postdiscal & discal spots in space 5 also merged as one.
https://birds.ncbs.res.in/sites/default/files/observation/Tarucus%20ananda_1671957964_242351.jpg

[Psyche]

14.https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28640&d=1729314127

Discophora sondaica.male.
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Discophora-sondaica-zal

Discophora deo.
HW eyespot in space 2 always white-pupilled.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/node/153095
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/ama/50530001.html

Discophora timora.
Underside variegated.
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Discophora-timora-timora

[Psyche]

15. https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28641&d=1729314312

Female Parantica melaneus.
UnH postdiscal area in space 2 & 3 dark-shaded, blackish.
HW cell narrow 7 without any central streak.
Male with brans in space 1b.
Male.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/83_39436-995-5cb1b998832e1-1_1.jpg
Female.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/118_51260-755-5e67bd7b07f7b-1_0.jpg


Parantica sita.
UnH without blackish shading in the postdiscal area of space 2 & 3.
HW cell broader, often with a central streak.
Male.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/137_11421-370-56f441df510f6-4.jpg
Female.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/236_24240-645-5a5c76f6af60d-1_0.jpg


Parantica pedonga.
Very similar to p. sita.
The male brand in space 1b is smaller but beyond that hard to see any difference.
Male.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Parantica%20pedonga_1701616620_255869.jpg
Female.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Parantica%20pedonga_1727576286_275772.jpg



TL Seow: Cheers.

[ButterflyWitch]

Thank you so much for detailed descriptions....
Sir, Halpe veluvana brevicornis not listed in checklist of India. In India not a single records for veluvana....It will be new addition to India.

[Psyche]

Thank you so much for detailed descriptions....
Sir, Halpe veluvana brevicornis not listed in checklist of India. In India not a single records for veluvana....It will be new addition to India.

That sound wonderful, but remember it is a fieldshot identification and subject to error.

I have cross check and it seems right.
Here is Eliot's description in his key. UpF with cellspot, spot 2 & 3 pale yellow & widely overlapping; UnH strongly ochreous.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91420010.html

There are very many Halpe species in your area; new species are often described in southern China across the border.

You might want to get more shots as evidences.

TL Seow:Cheers.
PS upperside of H. arcuata for comparison.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwTeIKxYjhIwzTYvvDVSL9_V4SgDsr8s45OcIDmGtCV1 HYaFXr20Yzx2MpFcuce5wf4yofbJh7xFx5UEnwSUetgI_R0Hac GVJYLT9NcLc64c86EE4c4nlsJ2ZbiWV9BUS8n66a1s8yc_Brbr R8NBCMktPTTA_xF7oFmembbFixRBlBbBDarCLrop-T10c/w640-h428/OverlappedAce.jpg

[ButterflyWitch]

Sure sir, I will try to catch them agin with different angle.

[ButterflyWitch]

I'm having very lucky day today. I got the rarest skipper Stimula swinhoei in my state. This skipper was previously recorded in Meghalaya by my friend Atanu Bora and me.

The Under forewing pale outer area, strongly suggested that, it is Stimula swinhoei!
Am I right, Sir?
28645

This Matapa should be eighther druna or purpurascens. But druna haven’t pale apical area. Lack of greenish hairs eliminates two species, sasivarna and cresta. But I see some photos of Cresta where there are no greenish hairs present.

Once you said that, purpurascens have an orange underside.*

Is it purpurascens or cresta?
28646
28647

Telicota bambusae and linna are confusingly similar. As your elaboration 1st individual looks linna for me. The sex brand looks thin with arcuate. The underside also looks paler.
Is it linna?
28648
28649

Today I got many Telicota individuals at the same place along with the first one. Rest are looking similar.
Are those bambusae or linna?
28650
28651
28652
28653

[Psyche]

Post 15.

1. https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28645&d=1729438516
Stimula swinhoei.
Only the UnF have a pale peripheral zone.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91550010.html
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/stimula-swinhoei/

Recent molecular analysis study suggest Stimula should be a subgenus of Koruthaialis.


2. https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28646&d=1729438570
https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28647&d=1729438589

Matapa druna males.
Uniform brown with orange HW cilia.
When worn often confused with Matapa aria.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92390001.html
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/94_961-452-545f0ac6d6bd2-1.jpg


Matapa cresta is quite different, with contrasting zones of colour.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Matapa-cresta


Matapa purpurascens is purple brown .Abdominal underpart is orange.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92420001.html

[Psyche]

Post 15.

3a.https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28648&d=1729438735

Male Cephrenes acalle. Correction Worn male Telicota.
Most veins are marked out in black.
UnH band ,spots on the border have sharp points.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92990020.html
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Cephrenes-acalle-oceanicus



3b.https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28649&d=1729438748

This looks like a male Telicota linna but difficult to be certain.
The left FW matches well.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-5ETyha31-TTJisXtOhPqeWkDR1Jjk1hD1QuhoH5oB1YOQsd4v8zKPsCNhoU Wf5RRZy37sHE9AvbXmLSiU9V1uU2XNwbn13j-KRzRERQtuWt8kRGjIZ9vPFf_E5wNVzSq8QcVyZ-QDGg/s1600/Telicota-linna-Males---Horace-Tan.jpg
In T. bambusae, Fw spots 2 & 3 tends to be broad. UnH band outer margin tend to be indented.
Examples from S. India are diagnostic as T. linna is not found south.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_48773-3-5ded3d25428ab-2.jpg
https://www.flutters.org/home/photogallery/plog-content/images/butterfliesbrnbspnbspnbsphesperiidae-the-skippers-br/subfamily-hesperiinae--brnbspnbspnbsp-genus-cephrenestelicota--palm-dart-/dark-palm-dart__telicota-ancilla_ashish-tiple.jpg


Three species, T. linna, besta & augias in NE India have been overlook with hardly any fieldshot.

[Psyche]

post 15.

4.https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28650&d=1729439034
https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28651&d=1729439048
https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28652&d=1729439060
https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28653&d=1729439073


Basing on the UpH band having regular straight outer margins (pix 2 & 3) these appears to be possibly Telicota linna.

Of the six species two, T. colon & ohara can be IDed based on either upperside or underside.

The uppersides are important.
28654
Only the brand in the males of T. colon & besta are stated to be arcuate ie curved.

A. Males with a patch of orange at the base of space 2.
A1. T. colon.

A2 Telicita besta.
Male brand arcuate & placed near inner margin of black space.
Female upper cellend bar much longer than the lower.
UnH band with the veins lightly dark-dusted & often raised prominently.
Males.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92930010.html
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZF4DjJf4Lrw37mB_Sa42OlR5-ceB8BdIP5e960JWrOOtDGyDzYcYKUQK_eMXoO6kCux89kBGZ92 rS0XGpoOopAgS6mC46p_AXKynGe_5_FjAu11rG-9Q0bYyj3kMDfig6BO7LJM7lbbVN/s1600/TB_adult_male_-04.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhkE-Nfd3TPgx50YejXIvUjbi0_WV1SWSmZ2FD1ish9kSnDNEbkQ_j7 kYDa6h7sIEhhqcyDO3JBNGigkr8KDeZn22bZ-GsqjOq9jcezKQIdE2gJ-QeY63qCafhbwdGA595gthEXso-cOsN/s1600/TB_adult_male_up_01.jpg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/99204839@N00/186503785
Females.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhUDTvZXfxubU14uMCqQlrpvo_N1XrSq2vFqo-1C2b4AyYsdUeS-OnJdMcsRUV0YQc_V4xXSYMHQKaVuPJO7dwS_74CNVwVTHHJ_wa oInoDS4MVyJps7BA0deVCrADKZCaWYZ5demYxAsk/s1600/TB_adult_female_up_01.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOVWO71KBlrMo1O7Yrqq_FgUI62zsOF87AFA2TtBS8En sqz-A7MW70QI9hmz4sTNWzP_EeAEMZet8HG9bU3GDG46Q0suz-eMwuWYGhx-0EMrN9MvAkyP13-y_2ASW0SzEgQ65ihAmPSRjy/s1600/TB_adult_female_03+(1).jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMryYX_Mf97WgVsTQVmar0CME-kAQr1Q6q8AIz0zKdekEouByncNBSIH8LQ8G40yVrSVp-T2c_dDUNiZ1CTOyHEhoCG2Ya6RWICtgP_xfKZB85VXCer4oGlv qXSDn8BigGtT6Pn6Vlz-Gu/s1600/TB_adult_female_01.jpg


A3 Telicota augias.
Male brand large & straight in the black space.
Female withy the upper cellend bar longer (as in besta female).
UnH veins not dark- dusted in the male, but lightly so in the female.
Overall deep orangey colour uniformly al over.
Male.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6riT3uzrel0/VgoXg6gugdI/AAAAAAAABhk/BmQspbMAvkk/s1600/Telicota%2Baugias_male_1.jpg
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT76FLu2oXyuADukXOpBKHMdnXNtFJ0Y NqPhg&s
Female.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oeax9BCEjgI/VgoXgwcBG_I/AAAAAAAABhk/k60Yqt8YTVA/s1600/Telicota%2Baugias_female.jpg


B. Male FW space 2 base black or mostly so.
The two species T. linna & bambusae are difficult separate in the field.

B1 Telicota linna Large FW 18mm.
Upperside band relatively narrow, the outer margins mostly straight.
UnH band the veins not dark-dusted in both sexes.
Males.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-5ETyha31-TTJisXtOhPqeWkDR1Jjk1hD1QuhoH5oB1YOQsd4v8zKPsCNhoU Wf5RRZy37sHE9AvbXmLSiU9V1uU2XNwbn13j-KRzRERQtuWt8kRGjIZ9vPFf_E5wNVzSq8QcVyZ-QDGg/s1600/Telicota-linna-Males---Horace-Tan.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Telicota%20linna/TL_male_01.jpg
https://alchetron.com/cdn/telicota-608b9a01-d3cb-4d3a-9827-d591d3395e2-resize-750.jpg
Females.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Telicota%20linna/TL_female_up_01.jpg
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Telicota-linna-1-1080x720.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Telicota%20linna/TL_female_02.jpg

Telicota bambusae .smaller FW 15mm.
UnH veins across band not dark-dusted.
Male brand as in T. linna
Upf band somewhat broader espceially spots 2 & 3.
Upperside outer margins of band tend to be strongly indented, more so on the HW.
Female with two long cellend bars.
Males.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92940001.html
https://www.flutters.org/home/photogallery/plog-content/images/butterfliesbrnbspnbspnbsphesperiidae-the-skippers-br/subfamily-hesperiinae--brnbspnbspnbsp-genus-cephrenestelicota--palm-dart-/dark-palm-dart__telicota-ancilla_ashish-tiple.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_48773-3-5ded3d25428ab-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_48773-3-5ded3d25428ab-1.jpg
Females
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/TelicotaBambusae_HemantOgale_an075.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Telicota%20bambusae%20bambusae_1706317309_265275.j pg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[ButterflyWitch]

Sir, 3a & 3b are same individual...

[Psyche]

Sir, 3a & 3b are same individual...
Noted.

The shape of the HW band don't quite match, otherwise it looks strangely like C. acalle.


TL Seow:Cheers.

[ButterflyWitch]

Then, it could be Telicota linna!. And how can I confirm Telicota linna based on photographs? Is it possible to identify linna by photographs?

[Psyche]

Then, it could be Telicota linna!. And how can I confirm Telicota linna based on photographs? Is it possible to identify linna by photographs?


Very difficult, but the females of the two can be separated on the upperside.
Female T. linna have short cellend bars.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Telicota-linna-1-1080x720.jpg
Female T. bambusae have long cellend bars.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Telicota%20bambusae%20bambusae_1706319639_265039.j pg

I have been trying to compare images of T. linna from Singapore (no T. bambusae there) and T bambusae from South India (no T. linna there.)
28655

T bambusae : FW band wider ;base of space 1b shaded bright orange ;UnH band wider, more rounded.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92940001.html
Males.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_88268-621-614b9e03c315f-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_88268-621-614b9e03c315f-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/1329_76985-662-5fda4d36b61a3-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/1329_76986-447-5fda4ef3654f0-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/1449_89755-163-616300094d914-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/1449_89760-431-616300efee5f6-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_48773-3-5ded3d25428ab-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_48773-3-5ded3d25428ab-1.jpg
Females.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Telicota%20bambusae%20bambusae_1706319639_265039.j pg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/83_78545-908-600fc7ca1d434-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Telicota%20bambusae%20bambusae_1706319639_265040.j pg


These are females Telicota colon ;FW cellend bars, with the upper longer & spots 4 & 5 slightly distorted.
Correction: These are probably correct as T. bambusae variants or intermediate crosses.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Telicota%20bambusae%20bambusae_1687725692_251372.j pg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/1247_87356-161-613f380058864-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Telicota%20bambusae%20bambusae_1678436351_245440.j pg
Normal form of the female colon.
https://butterfliesvietnam.blogspot.com/2015/10/161-telicota-colon-pale-palm-dart.html


Telicota linna FW longer, band relatively narrow, base of space 1b obscurely orange; HW band narrower ,UnH with less rounded look.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92920001.html
Examples from P.Malaysia,& Singapore.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/180440660
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/29913762
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/148087973
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/30589788
Females.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/176089249
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/149193940
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/131436418
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/121857183


It looks like all your images are Telicota bambusae.



This one from Assam looks to be Telicota linna.
FW band narrow, base of space 1b obscurely orange.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/118_92733-932-61abbc2742067-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_92467-897-61a97c55acbf8-1.jpg



TL Seow: Cheers.

[ButterflyWitch]

Thank you so much sir for all these detailed descriptions...

[Psyche]

Thank you so much sir for all these detailed descriptions...

I have wanted to make sense of all this before, so I am glad I manage to do it.
I think I have also manage to separate the two species based on the underside alone.
28656
Note in both sexes of T. linna & bambusae veins across UnH band are not or barely dark-dusted.
Versus in both sexes of T. besta veins across UnH band are lightly dark-dusted.

Telicota linna
UnF more heavily edged with black.
Lower end of spot 8 truncated by a black spot.(Sometimes spot 6 also in the female.)
Underpart of abdomen also tend to be paler.
Males.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Telicota%20linna/TL_male_01.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/254946520/large.jpg
Females.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Telicota%20linna/TL_female_02.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/306099407/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/223677830/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/206256629/original.jpeg


Telicota bambusae.
UpF spots 6, 7, & 8 not affected by black spots truncating the lower ends.
Males.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/1_88845-529-6152a89a2bbfa-3.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_88268-621-614b9e03c315f-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_48773-3-5ded3d25428ab-1.jpg
Females.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_72091-322-5f911ebfcad7b-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Telicota%20bambusae%20bambusae_1706317309_265275.j pg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/1449_89760-431-616300efee5f6-1.jpg


This particular example taken in a butterfly park is probably Telicota linna.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Telicota%20bambusae%20bambusae_1706319639_265040.j pg


TL Seow; Cheers.

PS. Based on the new findings ,these four pix could be Telicota linna.
The two upperside views are just too oblique for confirmation.
In a Bangladesh checklist, Telicota linna was stated to be the commonest Telicota.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28650&d=1729439034
https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28651&d=1729439048
https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28652&d=1729439060
https://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=28653&d=1729439073

[ButterflyWitch]

Thank you so much sir, for making identification of the Telicota genus easy and understandable.

[Psyche]

I think you need to look out for the other two T. besta & augias in your area.
Even with better insights now it is still very confusing with fieldshots.


Telicota besta .
Male brand pressed against the inner margin of the black space.
Always an orange patch at the base of space 2 . (Note T. bambusae male occasionally have too.)
Female with cellend bars unequal, the upper longer. Spots 4 & 5 rectangular, equal.
UnF subapical spots 6, 7, & 8 tips clear (as in bambusae.).
UnH both sexes with lightly dark-dusted veins across the band. Veins often prominent.
Abdominal end with black banding, may be very light in the male.
Males.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhkE-Nfd3TPgx50YejXIvUjbi0_WV1SWSmZ2FD1ish9kSnDNEbkQ_j7 kYDa6h7sIEhhqcyDO3JBNGigkr8KDeZn22bZ-GsqjOq9jcezKQIdE2gJ-QeY63qCafhbwdGA595gthEXso-cOsN/s1600/TB_adult_male_up_01.jpg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/99204839@N00/186503785
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Telicota-besta-1-1080x675.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVVbpztl1PsAyAyu-lOLrKxd6hgD5Vup4yJ0gt_T84PBmo_XfimoQgvRfrD29TjCGWd TocWaXwpI7DF5cuENTPOgRtK2wcud90dSrfWF7JDcmFoBiL0NP FCNfO1onq44iJqSAs3IzCCaRP/s1600/TB_adult_01.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/198303601/original.jpeg
Females.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhUDTvZXfxubU14uMCqQlrpvo_N1XrSq2vFqo-1C2b4AyYsdUeS-OnJdMcsRUV0YQc_V4xXSYMHQKaVuPJO7dwS_74CNVwVTHHJ_wa oInoDS4MVyJps7BA0deVCrADKZCaWYZ5demYxAsk/s1600/TB_adult_female_up_01.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMryYX_Mf97WgVsTQVmar0CME-kAQr1Q6q8AIz0zKdekEouByncNBSIH8LQ8G40yVrSVp-T2c_dDUNiZ1CTOyHEhoCG2Ya6RWICtgP_xfKZB85VXCer4oGlv qXSDn8BigGtT6Pn6Vlz-Gu/s1600/TB_adult_female_01.jpg
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/96594886
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/31173447
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/122791977

Note T. bambusae male may sometimes have some orange at the base of space 2 (as in besta male).
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Telicota%20bambusae%20bambusae_1671952656_242444.j pg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_88268-621-614b9e03c315f-1.jpg

[Psyche]

Telicota augias.

This is an enigmatic species.
While Eliot state it is a common species in P. Malaysia Yukata have n examples to from Thailand.

UpF always with an orange patch at the base of space 2.
Male brand broad & straight occupying most of the black space. Base of space 1b bright orsnge.
Female with cellend bars the upper one longer (as in besta)
UpH band always extend into space 6.
UnF spots 6, 7, & 8 not marked by black spots.(as in bambusae, & besta.)
Colour typically deep orange in the male, paler in the female.
Male UnH veins across band not dark-dusted; band colour often not contrasting with ground.
Female UnH veins across band lightly dark-dusted; band often deeper orange.
Abdominal end orange in male & dark-dusted in the female.
Males.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-y3LkExqbZs8/VgoXg4gxecI/AAAAAAAABhk/g-Exi9WYzh8/s1600/Telicota%2Baugias_male_2.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6riT3uzrel0/VgoXg6gugdI/AAAAAAAABhk/BmQspbMAvkk/s1600/Telicota%2Baugias_male_1.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/47005337/large.jpg
https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5336/9950853134_aaff7fdc56_b.jpg
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/134183450
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/92869158
Females.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oeax9BCEjgI/VgoXgwcBG_I/AAAAAAAABhk/k60Yqt8YTVA/s1600/Telicota%2Baugias_female.jpg
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/122791981

If I try to add more details I'll likely confuse myself.

TL Seow: Cheers.