ID requests - Peninsular Malaysa from RY - Feb 3, 2025

[SL Liew]

Hi Dr. Seow,
RY (aka dilophobia in iNat) a teenage butterfly enthusiast based in KL has requested my help to forward these observations to you for identification. I understand these single view photos may be difficult or not possible to confirm species id. Thank you for any id feedback wherever possible. Appreciate it.

#1 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/234678102
Nawab? - Fraser's Hill - Aug 2024

#2 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/234678062
Arhopala? - Fraser's Hill - Aug 2024

# 3 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/234678070
Allotinus? - Fraser's Hill - Aug 2024

#4 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/234678090
Skipper? - Fraser's Hill - Aug 2024

#5 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/257119821
Skipper? - Bukit Tinggi, Pahang - January 2025

#6 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/233627478
Skipper? - Bukit Tinggi, Pahang - Aug 2024

#7 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/233627464
Skipper? - Bukit Tinggi - Aug 2024

#8 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/62016820
Skipper? - Bukit Tinggi, Pahang - Oct 2020

#9 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/257119824
Anthene? - Bukit Tinggi, Pahang - Jan 2025

#10 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/242284621
Skipper? - Batang Kali, Selangor - Sep 2024

#11 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/233627474
Skipper? - Bukit Tinggi, Pahang - Aug 2024

#12 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/260157412
Skipper? - Bukit Tinggi, Pahang - Jan 2025

#13 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/257119817
Skipper? - Bukit Tinggi, Pahang - Jan 2025

#14 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/260157415
Skipper? - Bukit Tinggi, Pahang - Jan 2025

#15 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/233627461
Skipper? - Bukit Tinggi, Pahang - Aug 2024

#16 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/233627467
Skipper? - Bukit Tinggi, Pahang - Aug 2024

#17 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/176567275
Pyroneura? - Genting Highlands - Aug 2023

#18 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/249756945
Skipper? - Bentong, Pahang, Oct 2024

#19 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/234837398
Skipper? - Batang Kali, Selangor - Aug 2024

#20 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/199180321
Skipper? - Batang Kali, Selangor - Feb 2024

#21 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/205064831
Dacalana? - Kuala Kubu Bahru, Selangor - Mar 2024

#22 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/194093390
Pyroneura? - Shah Alam, Selangor - Dec 2023

#23 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/131677588
Skipper? - Kota Damansara, Selangor - Aug 2022

#24 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/194263379
Skipper - Taman TAR, Selangor - Dec 2023

#25 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/212551814
Curetis? - Cheras, Selangor - May 2024

#26 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/212551824
Curetis? - Cheras, Selangor - May 2024

#27 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/212551830
Skipper? - Cheras, Selangor - May 2024

#28 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/194263378
Arhopala? - Ulu Kelang, Selangor - Dec 2023

#29 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/229697760
Skipper? - Perak- Jul 2024

#30 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/256458443
Arhopala? - Penang - Aug 2024

#31 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/179091228
Skipper? - Penang - Aug 2023

#32 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/131677528
Curetis? - Langkawi, Aug 2022

Cheers from Penang, SL Liew

[Psyche]

1. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/234678102
Probably P. athamas.

The single sample of P. paulletae was taken from Cameron highlands .
It should have two subapical spots ,& longer tail.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Polyura_paulettae_Habitus_and_Range.jpg

Eliot opined that the lowland population of athamas consist of two species.,athamas from the mainland & uraeus of Sundaland.

It is unfortunate the two samples of athamas for molecular analysis were taken from southern China & extrapolated to include the whole of SE Asia.

P. athamas have the longer taila and one, rarely two subapical spot.
The taxon uraeus as ssp of attalus have very short tail & one subapical spot.
https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Polyura_athamas#/media/File:PolyuraAthamasMUpUnAC1.jpg


2. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/234678062
This is very worn with the tail torn.
The strongly notched (concave) HW spot 6 meant either eulmophus or horsfieldi.


3. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/234678070
Allotinus sarrastes.
HW spot 6 in line with the rest of spot 2 - 5.
FW postdiscal series of spot with a mid break.
Submarginal spots have white edges, pcture quality poor.


4. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/234678090
The ochreius brown colour & reduced spot suggest C. sirius.
C. malaya is a deeper rusty brown in the male.

[Psyche]

5.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/257119821
Female Quedara.
eg.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91875001.html

Hyarotis stubbsi have a white dot on the antenn & a spot 3 near the 'step' on the outer border of white band.
Female with subapical spots.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91830001.html
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Hyarotis-stubbsi



6.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/233627478
Halpe wantona or pelethronix.
See fieldshot of male from Kanchanaburi at page bottom.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91410001.html

H. sikkima have more uniform HW ground.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/npict15c/91300001_n001.jpg

[Psyche]

7.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/233627464
Halpe elana.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91280001.html


8.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/62016820

Zenonoida discreta.
FW spots whiter .
HW cilia whitish.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_92517-298-61a98d5116303-3.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/368_39145-630-5c97c2e27f1f8-1_0.jpg

Z. eltola
FW spots & HW fringes yellow.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_92556-984-61a99b1360756-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/PolytremisEltola_KrushnameghKunte_ai976.jpg

[Psyche]

9. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/257119824
Anrhene licates.
UnF with a large cellspot.
UnH without a dark spot.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigSCNLOJwKoLMjp0KK4m9OBmbzPvewiHJ9sNy49YDrS9 FA3rzNmySC9nYhQdYwXO0_m-EDEmtiFPqwW2RaExvVbkyAu4xO-elEal3corgh5HjH5RNzejB0vpNTuF2_7WhU6cnf_0RPkfs/s1600/DSC_0438-001.JPG



10.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/242284621
The long FW & plain colour suggest Pithauria straminaepennis.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_28147-713-5acdc4199959a-1_1.jpg


11.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/233627474
UnH spot 4 & 5 suggest it is Polytremis lubricans.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/709_32281-112-5b652fc7391e1-1.jpg

[Psyche]

12.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/260157412

Probably Halpe pelethronix.
UnH with heighten pale doscal zone & darker veins.
Interneural dark spots thick with rounded outer margins.

Halpe species are terribly difficult.

H. arcuata (& H fishigina)
UnH discal area not paler & interneural spots narrow & mostly separate.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/monsoon_jyoti_gogoi/5089591322
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/halpe-arcuata/halpe-arcuata-2/
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Halpe-fushigina


H. sikkima
Similar to H. arcuata. Antenna with white spot & orange tip.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/npict15c/91300001_n002.jpg
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/npict15c/91300001_n001.jpg


Halpe pelethronix.
UnH with a heightened paler discal zone.
interneural spots mostly broad with rounded outer margins.(educated guess).
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/halpe-pheletronix/

Halpe wantona.
UnH similar.
Interneural spots narrower with pointed outer margins.(educated guess).
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/halpe-wantona/

[Psyche]

13. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/257119817

Probable Caltoris cormasa.
FW with subapical spots so not ossible to be Hyaritis.
General three subapical spots & reddish tone suggest C. cormasa.



14. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/260157415
Probably Zographetus rama female.

Markings similar to Z. ogygia. Antenna with droad white patch.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA_xF13YCdKrzKWcDZHX1wdXt_1y0oCjcLrNEknoek-hhHVACBgMjIR-Am01swPT9QpkiL0AhQwYs-kMI150OST1hoIOBNpHRgLJSv_2Mkv1oN96SHRZTZRkQ0cZgSol kO6ceW02fYt0VL/s1600/Zogaphetus_sp_01-HoraceTan.jpg

Salanoemia fuscicornis have strong markings.
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQSRt5AIzPYOnzfTe6JJOGl_OsMHauXq zXIWw&s

Isma protoclea has smaller white on antenna & different UnH spot arrangement.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/npict15c/91890010_n001.jpg
https://res.cloudinary.com/ppc1/image/upload/v1467087125/daog5pyymgwzeojxfmx6.jpg

Harotis iadera have a tiny white dot on antenna * unH spots very vague.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/hyarotis-iadera/

[Psyche]

15.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/233627461
Borbo cinnara.
UpF spot 2 with concave margin ;spot in space 1b always present.
FW subapical spots in an arc. Thicker antennal club.
UnH typically with three spts 2, 3, & 6.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93060001.html
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Borbo-cinnara

Caltoris does not have HW spot 6.




16.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/233627467
Yasoda pitane.

Yasoda pitane laruta.
UnH with white scalings forming a diffuse weak submarginal band. If visible diagnostic.
https://www.gbif.org/tools/zoom/simple.html?src=//api.gbif.org/v1/image/cache/occurrence/2847199517/media/f4b5c8c9ff735e200d7150b2fc004a08
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847199517

https://www.gbif.org/tools/zoom/simple.html?src=//api.gbif.org/v1/image/cache/occurrence/2847201736/media/9ec155dfb0f173549d87f417c72e28ec
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847201736


Yasoda pita dohertyi.
UnH lacks any trace of white submarginal scalings.
https://wingscales.com/Lycaenidae/Yasoda-pita-dohertyi

[Psyche]

17.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/176567275

Pyroneura niasana.
A line thru FW subapical spots 6 & 7 is directed to the termen (outer margin(.
Unh vein 8 scaled orange on both sides.
UnH dark ground about twice as wide as orange veins.
Female.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Pyroneura-niasana-burmana

P. perakana is very similar with FW spots 6 & 7 directed to termen.
But UnH orange veins are nearly as wide as the dark ground spacrs.
Male.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/pyroneura-perakana/


In P. natuna & helena the alignment of FW spots 6 & 7 is parallel to the termen & runs down to the lower margin.

[Psyche]

18. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/249756945

Halpe hauxwelli.
FW with two cellspot which may be conjoined.
UnH pale buff with a series of postdiscal interneural spots & marginal spots.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Halpe-hauxwelli



19.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/234837398

The markings are as for Halpe wantona/pelethronix.
Since the UnH postdiscal interneural spots are sharp-pointed, it is probably correct as H. wantona.



20. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/199180321

Matapa aria.
FW & HW cilia of the same pale buff tone.
Outer margins strongly edged in black.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJTTrCKy5HLA4EhAIrYAPN-ZP5xFg2zIVPc3v2Wmdv6IpMsCVzsFqXhvj_O0FOsTEN1aijIoz C8kpGroLcAl9KHHrisjenx02EYPLWeZ2f2uLQ9TA4BtxtUVz_X mhzXr44dW8F5aLQ19LS/w1200-h630-p-k-no-nu/CRE_adult_Benedict_01.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KMn95z_I3tU/VCgYJkVMQYI/AAAAAAAAfLU/r1Phbre_DbU/s1600/CRE_adult_Bobby_01.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/309851/large.jpg



Similar.
Matapa druna.
HW cilia of a deeper yellow/chrome tone than the FW cilia.
Wing margins le3ss stronglyedged in black.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/node/207719
https://geenature.com/observations/59420677
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/matapa-druna/

[Psyche]

21. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/205064831
Likely as Dacalana vidura or ugraded as D. azyada.

The three species D. cremera, sinhara & vidura are so similar that there is great confusion in the past.
Thus it is necessary to stick to the key closely.

Dacalana burmana.
Orange patch small Postdiscal spots a series of lunules (crescent moons)
https://wingscales.com/Lycaenidae/Dacalana-burmana-burmana
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/223492304

Dacalana cremera.
UnH with an orange band in space 1a edging the black tornal spot.
Note male on the right have an orange band between the black spot and the epecklrd patch.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/257506614

The next two are the most confusing.

Dacalana sinhara.
UnH orange patch large reaching & obliterating the black striae above it.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/180109969
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/222426031
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/222426034
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/69837990
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/233218168

Dacalana vidura (or as azyada.)
UnH orange patch smaller, generally confined to space 2,may reach but not obliterating the black striae above it.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/219059777
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/196346110
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/150918844
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/37785975

[Psyche]

22.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/194093390

FW subapical spots 6 & 7 aligned towaeds the lower margin (dorsum)
UnH vein 8 appeared as equally scaled orange on both sides.
Three species , P natuna, helena & flavia.
Doubtful if it can go further without the upperside. Correction: P. flavia.

[Psyche]

23. faulty link.

24. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/194263379
Isma ssp.
Too difficult without the upperside but most likely this species because of the frequent long hyaline spots.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91990001.html
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/isma-bononia/

25. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/212551814

Curetis santana.

Un ground specked with black dots.
FW oblique band.
UnH postdiscal spot 6 & 7 in line.
Submarginal spots out of lie.
eg Singapore.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtgZmT0gsKaxetoQcgNTSUkZEsUJXVxUUtWs3Qafvd_W jLbkIN1jEsdGi3OD2JvC5lpRn_V4aZ_ebtXoOkIaowrtjio821 vb5FCGJcQtYtmgQRdXWtPEZ2eJs3qOTdZcBknfmx6qnhRZg/s1600/MS_adult_Loke_01.jpg


C. felderi palpi white unspotted.
UnH postdiscal spot 6 & 7 not in line.
Likewise submarginal spot 6 & 7 out of line.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84080001.html
This example from Brunei shows it well but the markings are exaggerated.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curetis_felderi#/media/File:CuretisFelderiMUpUnAc1.jpg

[Psyche]

22.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/194093390

"FW subapical spots 6 & 7 aligned towaeds the lower margin (dorsum)
UnH vein 8 appeared as equally scaled orange on both sides.
Three species , P natuna, helena & flavia.
Doubtful if it can go further without the upperside."

ID. Pyroneura flavia.
UnF without an opalescent streak in space 5.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/pyroneura-flavia/


Both P. helena & natuna have an opalescent streak in UnF space 5.

P. helena.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/pyroneura-helena/

P. natuna. Raub Pahang.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVB6Q2GcJ38Mz3szs2X92bW5duUFeG8nZAh2cSjihyph enhyphen0zRQSneGwVv1bp8sJkk5GnI-aQ__6ZYABD0jDzaKOmB8TuXVDsVCmuMVlRAYRC34ki0IcmOmIp 4sTpAfRRff43391VlAcwXZ83E/s1600/DSC_0207.JPG

[Psyche]

28.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/194263378

Both A. norda & moolaiana have a white tornal cilial spot.

As A. norda seem to have a narrower 'V' spot and A. moolaiana a fatter one, my preference is A. norda.

https://thaibutterflies.com/project_tag/lycaenidae/page/9/

[Psyche]

26.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/212551824

female Curetis saronis.
legs banded brownish; Un band parallel to margin.

Both C. tagalica & regula have black/dark grey banded legs.

C. sperthis
The band may not be quite parallel to margin & the ground is speckled with black dots.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/curetis-sperthis.jpg
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/curetis-sperthis/

[Psyche]

27.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/212551830

Notocrypta paralysos.
The large spot 4 & the strong step on the outer border of the white band are confirmative.
White shading to the costa is variable.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91600010.html
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibfoEjEQUzLi2wDwcJWlPnS0VBhJSjqASD4QGoLvHeLm UynO58KEcOFz9pdmBWINPX5ZsxKJ2pJaXeSecxuSrYClhAo-E6iysiH_o8omeNe87NJ2Sm9tIeDVCp3XLMgcoIdWyuXi_KbyZT/s1600/BD_adult_Anthony_01.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwx6nAVKoBR-fDvd_Iu_QaLquqt7iCWcE8wiKr4LGBoz5CR4Vf3rRRf6sroDa5 K6TDvReIbft_Mt-twumxVt3m6oQPvpRAVzE_tsbmL2RphbmVpL54MNgzmHy-7_HBcZITjlGqOH6cJCm-/s400/BD_newly_eclosed_underside_lateral_01.jpg
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/108336751

Spot 4 in N. clavata is very rare & vestigial, & the band is more regularly curved on the outer border.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91610001.html

[Psyche]

29.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/229697760

Most likely female Parnara bada,

The colouration is rather pale, the face whitish & the antennae short.
There seem to be a single white spot.

P. bada is very variable in spotting.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Parnara%20spp._1671952288_242458.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parnara_bada#/media/File:Parnara_bada-Kadavoor-2016-09-09-001.jpg

Baoris penicilliata is stout-built & dark.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/baoris-penicillata/baoris-penicillata-2/

[Psyche]

30. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/256458443

This is either A. norda or moolaiana.
Since the V spot is quite fat I am inclined towards A. moolaiana.



31. Faulty link.



32. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/131677528

curetis bulis.
Note UnH postdiscal spot 6 is tuck inwards of spot 7.
Submarginal spots 6 & 7aligned end to end.
Legs banded orange/brown.
https://wingscales.com/Lycaenidae/Curetis-bulis-stigmata


TL Seow: Cheers.

[SL Liew]

Dr. Seow,
Thanks so much for your help. I have forewarded all your id to RY. I believe he is very appreciative and thankful of your help and will further his enthusiasm in butterfly observations and identifications.
Cheers, SL Liew