Request for id - Peninsular Malaysia - January 21, 2025

Hi Dr Seow,
Can help to identify these observations - thank you.

Location: Bukit Tinggi, Pahang - January 20, 2025

#1 Tagiades?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/259049715

#2 ?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/259139159

#3 Grass Skipper?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/259139152

#4 Grass Skipper?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/259139158

#5 Grass Skipper?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/259053064

#6 Grass Skipper?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/259049723

Location: Penang Botanic Garden - January 16, 2025
#7 Chersonesia ?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/258672320

Location: Bukit Larut Base Station - January 15, 2025
#8 Grass skipper?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/258536985

Location: Burmese Pool, Taiping - January 15, 2025
#9 Duffer?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/258532608

#10 Duffer?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/258533305

Best regards from Penang,
SL Liew

1.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/259049715
Tagiades litigiosus.male. Correction: Tagiades menaka.
The 2 similar species can be confused.

Look at the outer spots there are 5 here in the male.
Last one is spot 3. The two bigger inner spots are costal spot & upper cellspot.
Female have additional spot 2, & lower cellspot.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/T...iosa-litigiosa

Very similar T. ultra.
Male FW with only 5 outer spots, ie no spot 3.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Tagiades-ultra



2. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/259139159
Koruthaialos rubecula.

FW band without a mid margin notch.
Orange band not reaching gosta.
Palpi 3rd segment long & upright 9diagnostic).
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/259139159



3. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/259139152
Notocrypta paralysos
unF white band not fully reaching costa.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...1782/large.jpg


N. clavata UnF band fully reaching costa.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...a-1080x718.jpg

4.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/259139158
Borbo cinnara.
FW with spot 2, 3 with crescent margin.
Spot in space 1b, also small upper cellspot; thick clubs.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...535_257152.jpg


5.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/259053064
Notocrypta curvifascia.
Fw with subapical spots; UnF white band not reaching costa.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91620010.html

Similar but UnF band white shadings reaching costa.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91630010.html


6.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/259049723
Female Telicota .

7.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/258672320
Chersonesia paraka
All bands doubled.
FW submarginal band not broken through.

C. nicevillei. FW submarginal band broken into two parts.



8.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/258536985
Notcrypta clavata.
UnF white band fully reaching costa margin.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/C...623433394).jpg



9. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/258532608
10. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/258533305

Both Discophora timora.

D. timora .Underside with strongly contrasted markings, the ground strongly striated.
HW eyespot 6 with prominent eyelid.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847204623
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847205012

[I]D. necho/I]o. Underside with markings diffuse & poorly contrasted.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847204606


TL Seow: Cheers.

Dr. Seow,
Thanks for your ids.

I have a question to review and clarify.
For #1, can it be T.menaka?
My reasoning, per CP5, T.menaka
- also has a small white dot in space 3,
- the photo plate 113.8, there is an extra "postdiscal black spot in space 1b" in white area of hindwing.
- "confined to the forested hills" while T.litigiosus is "known in Peninsula only from Kedawi"

Cheers, SL LIew

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by SL Liew

Dr. Seow,
Thanks for your ids.

I have a question to review and clarify.
For #1, can it be T.menaka?
My reasoning, per CP5, T.menaka
- also has a small white dot in space 3,
- the photo plate 113.8, there is an extra "postdiscal black spot in space 1b" in white area of hindwing.
- "confined to the forested hills" while T.litigiosus is "known in Peninsula only from Kedawi"

Cheers, SL LIew

---

You are right #1 should be T. menaka.

The postdiscal spot in space 1b is so vague that it disappear when I look downwards.
There is another postdiscal spot to look for.
Above the 4th marginal spot is another small postdiscal spot just besides the large partially hidden postdiscal spot in the upper corner.
This is always present in T. menaka.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/T...-menaka-menaka

This small spot is absent in T. litigiosa.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/T...iosa-litigiosa

TL Seow: Cheers.

Thanks again Dr. Seow.
Always appreciate your help. It motivates me to continue to go out to nature and to seek and discover more butterfly species.