ID request -Peninsular Malaysia - SL Liew - March 21, 2025

Hello Dr. Seow,
Requesting your help on id of my recent observations in Perak and Kedah in Peninsular Malaysia. Thank you in advance.


CURETIS SPECIES

Location: Kuala Woh, Peark - Mar17, 2025

#1
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802681

#2
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802672

#3
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802669

#4
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802802


Location: Lata Bayu Waterfalls, near Baling, Kedah - Mar 16, 2025

#5
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265800925

#6
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265800924

#7
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/266068725

#8
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265800923


JAMIDES SPECIES

Location: Kuala Woh, Perak - Mar 17, 2025

#9
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802793

#10
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802784

#11
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802781

#12
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802770


ARHOPALA SPECIES

Location: Kuala Woh, Perak - Mar 17, 2025

#13
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802789

#14
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/266078088

#15
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802688


Location: Sungai Sedim, Kedah - Mar 5, 2025

#16
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/264051167

#17
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/264051164

#18
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/264051158

#19
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/264051157

#20
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/264051148


Location: Lata Bayu, near Baling, Kedah - Mar 16, 2025

#21
Salanoemia?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265520216


Location: Kuala Woh, Perak - Mar 17, 2025

#22
Neptis?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802673

#23
Flat?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802504

#24
Lascar?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802500


Cheers from Penang, SL Liew

1.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802681

I am afraid the underside shot is very poor.
However, the postdiscla band is parallel to the margin. & composed of linear marks without shadings.
The upperside rules out possibilities like C. sperthis.
Most of the other also have the postdiscal band composed of shaded lunules (including sperthis)

The most likely ID is c. insularis.
This normally have straighter postdiscal band.
There seem no other possibility.

C. insularis.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847201292
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847199206
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterfl...tis-insularis/

C. freda have the band straighter still, & partly shaded.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/curetis-freda/

Others with band parallel to margin have mostly irregular band on the HW.
C. tagallca. (C. saronis is similar.)
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847201238
C. regula have the band heavily shaded & lunulate.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847199187



2. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802672
I think you have two species mixed up here.

Images 1, 2, & 5 is the same as Fieldshot 1 above & is probably C. insularis.

Images 3, 4, & 6 ,the upperside is that of C. bulis or sperthis.



3.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802669
The band is straight & also shaded on the inside.
Should be C. freda.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84130001.html
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/curetis-freda/



4. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802802
The UnF band is oblique. Upperside is that of C. bulis/sperthis.
Male Curetis bulis.

5.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265800925
the postdiscal band is composed of linear dashes without shading.
Male C. insularis.


6. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265800924
The unf band is oblique, composed of shaded lunules.
Ground colour is speckled with black dots.
The pattern is that for C.. bulis, santana & felderi.
Hw with postdiscal spot 6 & 7 in line & this suggest C. santana



7. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/266068725
The 1st pic is hard to judge.
The 4th pic show HW postdiscsl spot 6 & 7 in line & submarginal spot 6 & 7 out of line.
This is as for C. santana.
The upperside also is indicative of c. santana.



8. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265800923
Curetis sperthis,
FW band composed of shaded lunules 7 parallel to margin.
Underside with black dots & legs banded orange.
All features are as for C. sperthis.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847199170
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/npict13/84070001_n001.jpg

9.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802784
There is no way to tell what this should be, celeno or pura but the straighter fW margin suggest pura.


10. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802793
Jamides pura male.

The black cilia can be seen on the hW easily. Going upwards to the FW, the same cilia can be seen.
The opposits FW's black cilia can also be seen.
In between the two is a line of pale blue ,indicating the FW is blue to the margin.

J. pura .
Male uniform blue to the margin.
(Those form with the FW margin composed of dots are best left alone. They do not occur in P. Malaysia
and may have an element of doubt in the ID.)
Males.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847200485
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847200487
Female wing slightly translucent with underside markings faintly visible.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847200476


11. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802781
Male J. pura.
The upperside shot shows the left FW & clearly the margin have no black border.



12. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802770
The very round FW show this female is best left as J. celeno.
(In fieldshot identification always defer to the commonest species if there is no indication it could be eitherwise.)

13. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802789
Arhopala selta male.
Three criteria are needed .

1. It is a member of the cleander group
a. FW band not or partially dislocared at vein 4; spot 4 never shifted out.
b. HW postdiscal band is fully dislocated at vein 2.
c. HW postdiscal spot 7 is directly atop spot 6.
( These constitute the cleander group;. A selta is a member of the smaller alea subgroup.)

2. HW spot 6 is large & widely overlaps the cellend bar.
3. FW margin is convex.
Attachment 28779
Typical male.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/arhopala-selta/



14. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/266078088
Despite the very oblique ,HW spot 6 is large & overlapping the cellend bar indicating it is another A. selta.



15.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802688
Too blur.

Two similar species can be very confusing.
They are medium, tailless, with a tooth at vein 2.
They normally lacks a white cilial at the tornus but sometimes it is weakly resent.

Arhopala amphimuta .Commoner.
UnH 'V' spot well-shaped with equal arms.
UnH postdiscal spots 3, 4, 5,& 6 of equal size & aligned as a band above the V spot.
Male upperside with blue to the margin ,female less.

https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847202539
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847202527
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847202533
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847202529


Arhopala major.
In Singapore much the commoner of the two.
Male upperside with broad black border, the female more so.
UnH postdiscal spot 3, 4, 5, & 6 of unequal size & often dislocated.
V spot mishapen with unequal arms.
Singapore.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...-2---Tan-C.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...20Tan%20CP.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...lt_Khew_01.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...ederick_01.jpg



16. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/264051167
Arhopala amphimuta.
UnH v spot well-shaped & postdiscal band above it well-formed.


17. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/264051164
A. amphimuta.


18. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/264051158
Markings unclear.
Rounded HW, no tooth Likely subgroup of small species eg A zyida, stubsii etc.


19. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/264051157
Female Arhopala amphimuta.


20. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/264051148
Not clear enough. Amphimuta group, subgroup amphimuta.
Probably A. amphimuta itself.

21. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265520216
Salanoemia sala.
UnF subapical spots solid black.
https://res.cloudinary.com/ppc1/imag...ba278lsqct.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/F...thumon_M_A.jpg

Salanoemia fuscicornis.
Similar but UnF subapicalspots are hyaline.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...s-1080x719.jpg
https://res.cloudinary.com/ppc1/imag...n7xxlillec.jpg

22.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802673
Neptis clinia.

Three species are very similar.
They all have the FW postdiscal spots (4) in an oblique line.

Netis clinia.
HW discal band of uniform width extending to the costa.
HW discal band often with a small patch of white at the base of space 3 where the band cross it.
Underside greish brown
https://www.gbif.org/tools/zoom/simp...44b37a745c426f
https://www.gbif.org/tools/zoom/simp...5ffeb3a22a3edf
https://www.gbif.org/tools/zoom/simp...8c387f2d555870


Neptis clinioides.
HW discal band widens upwards to the costa.
Abdomen with a white band.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847206116
Underside more ochreous.


Neptis nata,
Upperside with narrower markings,
HW discal band of uniform width to the costa.
FW with the submarginal spots at apex more bend in.
Underside more ochreous brown.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847204707
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847204714
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847204827


Added.
Two more similar species may be mentioned.

Neptis sedata
Narrow markings, HW discal band uniform width to the costa; bottommost spot on FW lower margin very small.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim1/720130001.html

Neptis soma.
Markings broad; HW discal band widens upwards to costa; FW apical submarginal spots strongly bent in.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim1/720180010.html

23.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802504
Celaenorrhinus spp. possibly C. leucocera.

Two similar species.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/ce...inus-leucocera
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/celaenorrhinus-pyrrha



24. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/265802500
Pantoporia paraka.

The twin orange FW submarginal bands are typical of male P. paraka.



TL Seow: Cheers.

Thanks again Dr.. Seow.

Cheers from Penang Island,
SL Liew :)