Skipper ID request

Dear Doctor Seow,

Had a hiring long hike today, with a couple of skippers to look for. Decided to retry using my skippers ID i learnt so far

1 - pelopidas sp? Hindwing cellspot is at the hindwing, though spots at space 6,7 and 8 seem to be a little in a arc like borbo
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/152367156

2 - telicota sp. it isnt T.colon or T.besta, so its either T.auguis or T.linna - though im not confident which
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/152367113

3 - Ancistroides nigrita?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/152367153

Skipping regards
Zicky

Post 161.

1. Pelopidas mathias male.
Underside with irregular shading, or often strongly grey tinged.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...0206/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...6768/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...339/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...3964/large.jpg

Pelopidas agna.
Underside uniformly brown/ochreous without irregular shading.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...9/original.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...2529/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...0402/large.jpg

Borbo cinnara; HW without cellspot; usually 3 spots in space 2, 3, & 6 ; FW subapical spots more in a semicircle; antennal club thicker.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...704/large.jpeg


2. Telicota besta male.
UnH with the veins lighly darken & often strongly raised.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...4543/large.jpg

Telicota colon.
FW spots 3, 4, & 5 staggered out upwards.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...1588/large.jpg

Telicota linna.
HW veins not darken or raised; ground dusky.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...260/large.jpeg

Telicota augias.
Uniform deeper orange HW veins not dark; face not whitish.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...5337/large.jpg


3. Ancistroides nigrita.
Spotless; rounded wings; pale diffuse fasciae in the marginal zone.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterfl...oides-nigrita/


TL Seow: Cheers.

Hi Doctor Seow

This bushbrown was ID as Mycalesis horsfieldi on inat, i would like to hear your opinion

Inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/154059274

Skipping regards
Zicky

Post 163.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/154059274

Mycalesis perseoides.
The view is bit oblique & less clear.

There is still confusion among the Mycalesis species.
Attachment 28235
Mycalesis perseoides.
White striae around the spots usually enhanced.
HW 'indentation orregular & jagged.
Dark discal line irregular with 3-4 teeth.
Typical.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jx3Ps1jjy..._adult_03Y.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...20-%20Khew.jpg
Less typical.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/budak/52268896510/

Mycalesis visala.
White striae around ocelli strongly enhanced.
FW spot 2 always large.
HW indentaion more regualr .
Dark discal line regular ,slightly toothed.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...0Ben%20Jin.jpg
https://static.inaturalist.org/photo...165/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...209/large.jpeg
Probably with a hybrid element with perseoides.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...922/large.jpeg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...obby%20Mun.jpg

Mycalesis horsfieldi.
Ocelli typically small & may be well separated.
Striae may be partially enhanced & marginal ground may be white shaded.
HW dark discal line not strongly toothed as in perseoides.
Borneo.
https://www.jamiun.com/wp-content/up...rmarksmall.jpg
Sumatra.
https://rimba-ecoproject.com/wp-cont...mana-obs-2.jpg
Java
https://www.jungledragon.com/image/1...orsfieldi.html
Tioman.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...0904/large.jpg

Mycalesis mineus.
White striae around ocelli not enhanced.
FW spot 2 alway large.
HW indentation V-shaped.
Last 4 ocelli in line.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...M_adult_LC.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...4388/large.jpg

Mycalesis perseus.
White striae around ocelly thin.
HW 'indentation' a deep bowl with the ocelli in an arc.
HW last 4 ocelli strongly out of line.
FW spots often in a similar arc.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...mes%20Chia.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...013/large.jpeg

M. horsfieldi is very rare in P. Malaysia except Johore east coast & Tioman, so possibly may be present in P. Tekong.


TL Seow; Cheers.

Dear Doctor Seow,

Here are two skippers that i require some assistance

1 - caltoris species
link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/155734359

2 - this was bigger than the usual caltoris cormasa for size visualisation. baoris?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/155734367

skipping regards
Zicky

Post 165.


2. Baoris probably B. oceia.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/155734367
HW with a pale cellend mark. (Not always visible.)
HW veins raised.
Antennae dark.
Abdomen banded.
FW with reduced spots ie only two subapical spots suggesting oceia.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EtcxesbOy...eclosed_01.jpg


1 Baoris probably B. oceia .
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/155734359
UnF left with a pale area below the large spot 3.
Antennae dark.
See female from Chiang Mai.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93210001.html

TL Seow: Cheers.

Dear Doctor Seow,

Its been a while since i asked for skippers and ive gotten a bit lazy i suppose, so i decided to revisit some older observation on inat

1 - Pelopidas?
inat link https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/165707619

2 - Pelopidas mathias?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/166573897

3 - clueless on this one
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/167853499

skipping regards
Zicky

Post 167.

1. Pelopidas agna.
Underside ground colour more uniform brown.


2. Pelopidas mathias.
Ground heavily grey-tinged & dark shaded.


3. Unknown.
Pale area on antennae suggest Caltoris & underside suggest C. malaya female.
small white spot at base of antennal tip does not match anything.
C. malaya female.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1oLoYzhVi...M_adult_04.jpg


TL Seow; Cheers.

Post 167 no. 3.

The antenna with a pale area & a white spot below a blackish tip match this species in the same camera angle.
Caltoris brunnea.
Rare & would be confused with Caltoris bromus.
Phuket.
http://www.phuketnaturetours.com/Pag...%20Baan%20Maka

Other views. Note first two views in which the HW have a white dot is likely C. bromus.
http://www.phuketnaturetours.com/Pag...ename=Caltoris

http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93260010.html



TL Seow: Cheers.

Thank you Doctor Seow!

for post 3 the skipper was found rather deep inside a primary forest, so i couldnt really get good angles. Lets hope i see it again!

Skipping regards
Zicky

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by Zicky

Thank you Doctor Seow!

for post 3 the skipper was found rather deep inside a primary forest, so i couldnt really get good angles. Lets hope i see it again!

---

I recall you shot another skipper with the same antennal mark perhaps a year ago, but I could not place it.
I thought that it may be a minor variation.


TLseow: Cheers.
PS . Male C. brunnea showing the male brand similar to Pelopidas.
In this view the white dot at the base of the tip (apiculus) can not be seen.
https://static.wixstatic.com/media/0...ec73fb~mv2.jpg

I see, thanks for taking note, let me see if i can find the observation before when i am more free. Swamp with intern work now!

Dear Doctor Seow,

Some skipper that requires a check on my ID skill so far! Hope i am still "in shape"

1 - Potanthus omaha?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174490969

2 - Potanthus trachala? i do note the FW space 4 and 5 are rather small in this aspect
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174490973

3 - Polytremis lubricans?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174491017

4 - Potanthus omaha? Cant decide if the vein here is dark dusted
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174491038

5 - pelopidas mathias
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174491054

6 - potanthus serina. I am rather confident on this observation, haha
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174491055

7 - Polytremis lubricans?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174491059

8 - pelopidas mathias? awkward angle, but its all i got!
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174491070

9 - potanthus? i am not sure which one could this be. Found deep in primary forest in a setting potanthus arent usually seen
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174491140

10 - Telicota besta?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174491191

a bit of a high volume today. rather busy with work and didnt upload observation as of recent, hope im still able to ID with sufficient accuracy in that respect, haha.

Skipping regards
Zicky!

Post 173.

1 Potanthus omaha.male.
The UpF veins are strongly black.

2. Potanthus omaha male.
UpF spot 4 & 3 overlap. Veins black; shape of spots 2 & 3 not concave.

3 Polytremis lubricans male.
Note HW large spots 4 & 5 ;FW large upper cellspot; antenna markings.

4. Potanthus omaha male.
Abdominal end yellow; veins uniformly dark-dusted.

5. Pelopidas mathias male.
Note grey-tinged often strongly as seen here.

6. Potanthus serina male.
Abdominal end black band & FW spot 4 larger than spot 5.

7. Uncertain.
There seem to be HW small white spots 2, & 3, hyaline yellowish spots 4 & 5 & Fw upper cellspot suggesting P. lubricans but antenna do not match.
See 3 & compare antenna.
General appearance resembles C. malaya female, but spotting if correct do not match.

8. Pelopidas mathias male.
Strong grey tone.

9. Potanthus omaha male.
Abdominal end yellow & black veins neat & distinct.

10. Telicota besta male.
FW spots 4 & 5 equal & well overlapping spot 3. HW veins noticeably dark.


TL Seow:Cheers.

Hi Doctor Seow,

A couple of skipper seen recently that i would like my ID confirmed.
1 - T.besta?
Inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/178169944

2 - P.nathias?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/178169941

3 - C.cormasa?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/178169942

4 - P.omaha? Veins dark dusted
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/178169985

5 - P.lubricans?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/178169989

6 - C.cormasa?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/178169997

7 - telicota augius? Really very orange
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/178170123

2 following bonus from malaysia

8 - Koruthaialos sp?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/176986587

9 - Koruthaialos sp?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/176986580


Skipping regards
Zicky

Post 173.

1.Telicota besta female.
Veins strongly black; dull colour.


2. Borbo cinnara.
hW spots 2, 3, 4, 6.; FW subapical 3 in an arc. antennal club thick ;greenish body hair.


3 female Baoris probably B.oceia.
Antennae all black ;uniform dark brown ;no red tone.


4. Male Potanthus omaha ;uniform darkish veins ;abdominal end yellow.


5.Female Caltoris philippina.
Antennae black lubricans have antennae tipped orange & white.
greenish ochreous rough scalings.


6. Female Caltoris bromus.
Prominent pale area on antennae; Uniform brown. 2 subapical spots


7. Male Telicota besta ;HW veins with shadowlines. Face whitish.
male T. besta with upperside confirmation.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...1219/large.jpg
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vtt7-hEYF...lt_male_05.jpg

T. augias
https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5336/9...ff7fdc56_b.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Hp7OPF_eJ...as-augias).jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6riT3uzre...ias_male_1.jpg


8. Koruthaialos rubecula.
UnF orange red band not reaching costa.

9. Koruthaialos sindu.
UnF orange band reaching costa.


K. sindu note also palpi short.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6RkAaBJ00...alos+sindu.jpg

K. rubecula
UnF orange red band reaching costa ; Palpi long.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...s-rubecula.jpg



TL Seow: Cheers.

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by Psyche

Post 173.

1.Telicota besta female.
Veins strongly black; dull colour.


2. Borbo cinnara.
hW spots 2, 3, 4, 6.; FW subapical 3 in an arc. antennal club thick ;greenish body hair.


3 female Baoris probably B.oceia.
Antennae all black ;uniform dark brown ;no red tone.


4. Male Potanthus omaha ;uniform darkish veins ;abdominal end yellow.


5.Female Caltoris philippina.
Antennae black lubricans have antennae tipped orange & white.
greenish ochreous rough scalings.


6. Female Caltoris bromus.
Prominent pale area on antennae; Uniform brown. 2 subapical spots


7. Male Telicota besta ;HW veins with shadowlines. Face whitish.
male T. besta with upperside confirmation.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...1219/large.jpg
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vtt7-hEYF...lt_male_05.jpg

T. augias
https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5336/9...ff7fdc56_b.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Hp7OPF_eJ...as-augias).jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6riT3uzre...ias_male_1.jpg


8. Koruthaialos rubecula.
UnF orange red band not reaching costa.

9. Koruthaialos sindu.
UnF orange band reaching costa.


K. sindu note also palpi short.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6RkAaBJ00...alos+sindu.jpg

K. rubecula
UnF orange red band reaching costa ; Palpi long.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...s-rubecula.jpg



TL Seow: Cheers.

---

Thanks Doctor Seow, looks like im rusty on skipper ID these days

Hi Doctor Seow,

A couple of skippers that requires some clarification:confused:

1 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/204386701
Caltoris phillipina?the FW Spots arent visible in this pic since it flew off after this shot

2 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/204386696
Borbo cinnara?

3 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202965093
think a caltoris but not too sure

4 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201000715
First thought was pemera pugnens, but this isnt too sure as well

5 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200690193
Caltoris cormasa? Seems quite typical with the ID feature

Skipping regards
Zicky

Post 178.

#1 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/204386701
Caltoris philippina should be right.
Fw long ,narrow without spot.


#2 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/204386696
Probably male Pelopidas agna
There is a HW cellspot.
Ground is light brown. Looks dirty but more due to wear.

Typical P. mathias is grey-tinged.
eg.
https://baliwildlife.com/wp-content/...10r010t010.jpg


#3 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202965093
Xanthoneura corissa. Correction: Possibly an unusual variant female Caltoris malaya.
A brand new discovery for Singapore.
Note it is very fresh & could not have travel from 'oversea'.
(Xanthoneura = yellow sinew/ tendon /nerve.)
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/X...issa-indrasana
https://www.jungledragon.com/image/1...pana.html/zoom


#4 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201000715
The spots & antennae are as for Pemara pugnans. Worn.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/pemara-pugnans/



#5 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200690193
Caltoris bromus.
Colour & pale area on the antennae are as for this species.



TL Seow; Cheers.

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by Psyche

Post 178.


#3 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202965093
Xanthoneura corissa.
A brand new discovery for Singapore.
Note it is very fresh & could not have travel from 'oversea'.
(Xanthoneura = yellow sinew/ tendon /nerve.)
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/X...issa-indrasana


TL Seow; Cheers.

---

Very interesting Doctor Seow!
However i have some points i would like to clarify, from the general pics on the link you send and the internet, the eyes of Xanthoneura corissa appears to be red and of a much Ochre and deep yellow looking colour on the wings. Pictures online also seem to show some more veins connecting above vein 2 in the hindwing, though the general veination looks correct, what are your thoughts?

Skipping regards
Zicky

There is only one skipper marked like this, ochreous brown with yellow veins.

The eyes may be red brown ,the redness dependent on the lighting.
The antenna have a black club with a whitish dot at the tip, & a pale area below it.
The subapical spots have the lower one much larger.
FW cilia blackish, HW cilia yellowish.


TL Seow ; Cheers.

Revision.

https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202965093

There are a few features which do not match that of Xanthoneura.
The two subapical spots are spot 6 & 7. (if three then + spot 8)
There is a spot below spot 6 which is spot 4 .ie no spot in space 5.
This is typical in Caltoris.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93360001.html

In Xanthoneura FW spot 4 & 5 are consistently absent.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92170010.html
See also individuals here.
https://www.jungledragon.com/tag/764...a_corissa.html

With a FW spot 4 present the individual can not be Xanthoneura.

The checklist have a female IDed as caltoris malaya with paler veins.
If this is correct then this individual looks very similar.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...wbutterfly/394

However the usual C malaya looks different.
Males.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/150643011
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133445751
Undoubted female .Note UpF without cellspot, Abdominal end indicate female.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/148489815
https://static.inaturalist.org/photo...657/large.jpeg
Another female (from pointed FW apex & midmargin angle.)
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147253164

Based on these observations it is possibly a variant female Caltoris malaya.
An upperside view should settle this.

Note also the antennae match that of Xanthoneura but do not seem to match that of C. malaya.
Thailand female C. malaya with three subapical spots.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Caltoris-malaya



TL Seow: Cheers.

Hi Doctor Seow

https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/193223666

Looking back at my past photo, I realise one of the skipper I didn't manage to ID, leaning towards Halpe or Pinthauria. Would like to hear your thoughts

Skipping regards
Zicky

Post 183.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama.../original.jpeg
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/193223666

Halpe species.
The wings are marked with narrow elliptical dark interneural spots ie the spots are between the veins.


There are three species which are very similar & hard to ID.

Halpe arcuata.
FW spots 2 & 3 broadly overlapping.
UnH discal area more uniformly grey-brown, without vague fascia.
H. arcuata India.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91350001.html
https://www.flickr.com/photos/monsoo...n/photostream/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/monsoo...n/photostream/


According to the Yukata website, the population in S. Thailand to Malaya & Sumatra is now Halpe fushigina.
This is similar to H. arcuata but with some pale patches on the male brand.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91352001.html
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Halpe-fushigina


The other two species have an obscure paler fascia in the discal area UnH.
UpF spots 2 & 3 have less overlap.

As H. pelethronix is not known in India this below can be confidently IDed as H. wantona.
Note UnH discal pale fascia rather obscure.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/monsoo...n/photostream/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/monsoo...n/photostream/

These examples from P. Malaysia are probably H. pelethronix.
Note the UnH pale fascia is much better defined.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wB4Tq2qYm...0/DSC_0356.JPG
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-A1NbvONLQ...0/DSC_0081.JPG
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hBlkdcImS...0/DSC_0241.JPG


This specimen is rather worn but the UnH vague discal fascia suggest it to be H. wantona.


Tl Seow: Cheers.

Hi Doctor Seow,

Would like to ask for a few skipper IDs

1 - Baoris farri?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/250118484

Polytremis lubricans?
2 - inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/249307477
3 - inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/240503292

Telicota
4 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/239946407 (Quite some distinct marking compared with other telicota)
5 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/240503301
6 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/227781825
7 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/226158381
8 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/194807354
9 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200274023

Pelopidias mathias?
10 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/227781589
11 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/224375095

Skipping regards
Zicky

Post 185.

1.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/250118484
Male Baoris presumably Baoris oceia.

Baoris spp.
Sharper, more swept FW, antenna pale area weak or obsolete; Abdomen obscurely banded.
May have a pale mark near HW cellend.
More often veins prominent or raised.
Two species recorded in Singapore. Current status uncertain.
In the past dark examples were considered B. oceia & lighter brown ones B. farri
This may not be correct. Also many intermediate in colour.

B. farri; more often fully spotted.
UnH silky brown?
UnH should not be much darker than the UnF.

In India where B. oceia is absent these are fully spotted B. farri males.

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...e45ea5-2_1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...e45ea5-1_1.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...11bc1f-2_0.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...11bc1f-1_0.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...481_242469.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...481_242470.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...272_243405.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...272_243406.jpg

Female Vietnam.
https://butterfliesvietnam.blogspot....ush-swift.html

No fully spotted males are seen in Singapore yet.
Also many females have two subapical spots rather than three.

All males have the upper cellspot lunulate ie a small crescent, not rounded as in males from india.
There is a strong suggestion only B. oceia exist in Singapore.
However, both species can have varying number of spots.

Singapore. Males.
https://farm6.static.flickr.com/5091...c0a7c68a_b.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...i_adult_03.jpg
Lighter female.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/184721538
Darker female.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/173421871

Mating pair, P. Malaysia.
Should the brown male (L) be B. farri & the dark female (R) be B. oceia.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qamQjeKIk...0/DSC_0273.JPG


The males have distinctive claspers(valvae), that in farri having a sharp spine.
Perhaps someone can catch a dark & a brown males , squeezed out the valvae ,take a picture each & compare.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93210001.html
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93220001.html

2.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/249307477
Female Polytremis lubricans.

Right FW with 3 subapical spots typical of the Pelopidas.
Antennae without a pale area.
Right FW with a upper cellspot ;ssubapical spots is followed by a small spot 4 & a large spot 3.
Spot 3 can be relatively large.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...rkar_ap206.jpg
UnH with coarse ochreous scalings .UnH spots not visible here (variable).
Female P. lubricans.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...uous+Swift.jpg

3. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/240503292
Male P. lubricans.Note UnH small spots 2, 3, 4, & 5.

Male is browner with smoother scalings
Male.
https://minimacau.com/bird/wp-conten...0/butt64-3.jpg

4.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/239946407
Probably female Telicota besta much worn.

Female Cephrenes acalle can look similar but the black edgings to the band are sharp pointed.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...61cc0ab0-1.jpg

Female Telicota linna also look similar but the veins across HW band not dark-dusted.
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/i...CNvwrn238Wtw&s

Typical female Telicota besta ; normal arrangement of spots ;veins lightly darkened.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GqK3ID-7M...sta%2Bbina.jpg


5. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/240503301
Male Telicota colon
Note UnF spots staggered out in a step-ladder fashion; also distortion of spots 4 & 5.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...colon2-KSK.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JCIq17YMt...lon+stinga.jpg
Female is similar but less obvious.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-grsw9HIBW...n%2Bstinga.jpg


6.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/227781825
Male Telicota besta.
Note normal arrangement of FW spots; HW veins across band lightly dark-dusted.
Males.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...0/DSC_0296.JPG
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...C_0409-001.JPG


7. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/226158381
Male Telicota augias.
Normal arrangement of FW spots (as in besta).
UnH veins across band not dark-dusted.
Strongly uniform orange.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Hp7OPF_eJ...as-augias).jpg


8. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/194807354
Male Telicota besta.
UnH veins across band lightly dark-dusted; veins often prominent.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...t_male_-04.jpg

9. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200274023

Male Telicota linna.
UnH veins across band not dark-dusted in both sexes.

Telicota bambusae is very similar & easily confused with.
There is a single record from Singapore a century ago but this is now rated unlikely & a mis-ID.

Common in India 7 much of continental SE Asia.
Hostplants include Bamboos & sugar-cane & so could easily spread here.
Attachment 28676

Telicota bambusae bambusae.
Smaller species FW 15mm.
Band often rather broad.
Orange patch base of space 1b bright as the band.
UnF subapical spots 6, 7, & 8 mostly clear.
Some examples may have a weak black smudge at the lower end of spot 8 as in T. linna.
Female upf with two long cellend bars.

Males.
Note bright orange patch at base of space 1b/
UnF all subapical spots clear.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...d25428ab-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...d25428ab-1.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...e03c315f-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...e03c315f-2.jpg

Thailand.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92940001.html
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/T...busae-bambusae

Female. Note twin long cellend bars UpF.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...639_265039.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...692_251372.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...309_265275.jpg


Telicota linna .Larger. FW 18-19mm.
The band appear correspondingly narrower.
Base of space 1b orange patch dull, darker.
UpF with the lower end of subapical spot 8 & sometimes also spot 6 marked with black.

Males.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...Horace-Tan.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...TL_male_05.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...TL_male_01.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...TL_male_01.jpg
https://alchetron.com/cdn/telicota-6...resize-750.jpg

Female with UpF twin cellend bars short.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...Horace-Tan.jpg
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...1-1080x675.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec..._female_02.jpg


Identification based on underside alone is difficult as the difference is not absolute.
This below with broad bands look correct as T. bambusae but it does have a tiny black spot at the lower end of spot 8.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/maanay...n/photostream/

10.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/227781589
Probably Pelopidas mathias.

11. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/224375095
Pelopidas mathias.

Although P. mathias & agna appear to be common in Singapore there is a lot of mixedup with these two species.

Pelopidas mathias.
Male UpF spot 2 & 3 quadrate or at least broad
A line thru the two cellspots cut the brand.
Ground colour grey-tinged ,often giving a dirty uneven shading, darkish around the spots, paler along the margins..
FW cilia darkish compared to the paler HW cilia. Added important clue.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93120001.html

Males with upperside confirmation
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...a966070e-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...a966070e-3.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...d8457890-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...d8457890-2.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...wari_ag999.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...wari_ak551.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...6d15ac-2_1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...6d15ac-3_1.jpg

Singapore examples
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...ft%20-bene.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...hee%20Ming.jpg
Added.
https://static.inaturalist.org/photo...6966/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...7724/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...6071/large.jpg


Pelopidas agna.
Male UpF spots 2 & 3 narrow especially spot 2.
A line thru the 2 cellspots usually bypass the brand.
UnH uniform brown clear, with a greenish tinge (usually not seen in fieldshot).
FW cilia as pale as HW cilia but edged blackish. Added important clue.

Males with upperside confirmation.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...gale_ak888.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...gale_ak890.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...oman_ag262.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...oman_ag263.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...36d28b93-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...36d28b93-2.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...90c4b442-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...90c4b442-3.jpg

Singapore examples.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...A_male_05c.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...Horace-Tan.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...A_male_06b.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...SwiftF-KSK.jpg
Added.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...776/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...9691/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...9706/large.jpg

Many observations, but mostly poor quality singleshot views which make ID difficult.
Many IDs of P. agna but most are doubtful.
This shot is undoubted but the UnH view is poor. Note uniform brown UnH.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/251275302


TL Seow: Cheers.

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by Psyche

10.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/227781589
Probably Pelopidas mathias.

11. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/224375095
Pelopidas mathias.

Although P. mathias & agna appear to be common in Singapore there is a lot of mixedup with these two species.

Pelopidas mathias.
Male UpF spot 2 & 3 quadrate or at least broad
A line thru the two cellspots cut the brand.
ground colour grey-tinged ,often giving a dirty uneven shading, darkish around the spots, paler along the margins..
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93120001.html

Males with upperside confirmation
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...a966070e-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...a966070e-3.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...d8457890-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...d8457890-2.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...wari_ag999.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...wari_ak551.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...6d15ac-2_1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...6d15ac-3_1.jpg

Singapore examples
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...ft%20-bene.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...hee%20Ming.jpg
Added.
https://static.inaturalist.org/photo...6966/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...7724/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...6071/large.jpg


Pelopidas agna.
Male UpF spots 2 & 3 narrow especially spot 2.
A line thru the 2 cellspots usually bypass the brand.
UnH uniform brown clear, with a greenish tinge (usually not seen in fieldshot.

Males with upperside confirmation.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...gale_ak888.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...gale_ak890.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...oman_ag262.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...oman_ag263.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...36d28b93-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...36d28b93-2.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...90c4b442-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...90c4b442-3.jpg

Singapore examples.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...A_male_05c.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...Horace-Tan.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...A_male_06b.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...SwiftF-KSK.jpg
Added.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...776/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...9691/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...9706/large.jpg

Many observations, but mostly poor quality singleshot views which make ID difficult.
Many IDs of P. agna but most are doubtful.
This shot is undoubted but the UnH view is poor. Note uniform brown UnH.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/251275302


TL Seow: Cheers.

---

Thanks Doctor Seow!

Revision.

10.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/227781589
Confirmation. Male Pelopidas mathias.

Pelopidas mathias have the FW cilia dark, blackish, compare to the paler HW cilia.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...ft%20-bene.jpg
https://static.inaturalist.org/photo...6966/large.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...hee%20Ming.jpg

Pelopidas agna.
The FW cilia are about as pale as that on the HW, except it is often edged dark/blackish.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...A_male_06b.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...36d28b93-2.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...SwiftF-KSK.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

Hi Doctor Seow,

Im looking through my Malaysia Lexias photo, and realise i completely forgotten that Lexias cyanipardus existed. I noted the the female is spotted with bluish white above, and is amazingly big compared to lexias in Singapore. Would like to hear your thoughts

Inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/226674657

Skipping regards
Zicky

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by Zicky

Hi Doctor Seow,

Im looking through my Malaysia Lexias photo, and realise i completely forgotten that Lexias cyanipardus existed. I noted the the female is spotted with bluish white above, and is amazingly big compared to lexias in Singapore. Would like to hear your thoughts

Inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/226674657

Skipping regards
Zicky

---

Lexias cyanipardus is an enigmatic species.
Tsukada have also renamed the Sundanian population as L. bangkana & the Johor population as johorensis.(He also give many new subspecific names to many butterflies in Singapore, including L. pardalis & dirtea.)

In L. cyanipardus/bangkana the male have a white apical spots & the FW marginal band is reduced to series of lunulate (crescentic) marks.
The female have the spots mostly bluish white.
Years ago there was a female taken by Ellen Tan in Panti but this is image is no longer available.
See Fleming's N128 image of female.


Lexias cyanipardus grandis from across the border in Thailand.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterfl...s-cyanipardus/

The only correct male is this.
Note the antennae are all black.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/235073031

This female have yellow-tipped antennae & may just be a form of L. pardalis.
It is inconceivable that the male have all black antennae & the female yellow-tipped ones.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/191553828


Female L. cyanipardua cyanipardus, India.
https://www.indiannaturetours.com/wp...rch-Duke-3.jpg


TL Seow; Cheers.

Revision.

https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/226674657
Female Lexias bangkana johorensis. (previously as L. cyanipardus sandakana.)

The yellowtip antenna were also noted & stated in the past but back then there were no supporting males which show these.

The males below from Sarawak are clear enough to show the yellow tip.
Since it is quite different in this respect from L. cyanipardus in Thailand & India , the revised name seem appropriate.

Lexias bangkana.

Antennae with apical 2/3 of the club yellow.
Male with large apical white spot; FW marginal band mostly as a series of lunules.
Female with most spots bluish white. HW postdiscal spots mostly greenish-blue; FW larger apical spot oblong (vs rounded in pardalis/dirtea); FW 3rd apical spot faded . ( not so in dirtea & pardalis.)

Lexias bangkana sandakana.
Males.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/233924661
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/213942577
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/205600676
Females
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/191553828
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/85513451


TL Seow: Cheers.
PS. The Malayan population is probably sandakana as well.
Tsukada created many subspecific names for minor differences.
PS2. Added for comparison.
Female L. dirtea
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/55790383
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/122655055
Female L. pardalis.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202967081
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/245322789

Quote:

---

Originally Posted by Psyche

Revision.

https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/226674657
Female Lexias bangkana johorensis. (previously as L. cyanipardus sandakana.)

The yellowtip antenna were also noted & stated in the past but back then there were no supporting males which show these.

The males below from Sarawak are clear enough to show the yellow tip.
Since it is quite different in this respect from L. cyanipardus in Thailand & India , the revised name seem appropriate.

Lexias bangkana.

Antennae with apical 2/3 of the club yellow.
Male with large apical white spot; FW marginal band mostly as a series of lunules.
Female with most spots bluish white. HW postdiscal spots mostly greenish-blue; FW larger apical spot oblong (vs rounded in pardalis/dirtea)

Lexias bangkana sandakana.
Males.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/233924661
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/213942577
Females
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/191553828
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/85513451


TL Seow: Cheers.
PS. The Malayan population is probably sandakana as well.
Tsukada created many subspecific names for minor difference.

---

Thanks Doctor Seow! learn something new. Almost passed shooting it thinking its the typical lexias

Lexias bangkana seem incredibly rare in peninsular Malaysia.

In a search of Lexias in Johor on inaturalist only two other shots were found.
Thankfully they were both males.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/15841163
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/213341212
No example of another female found.

The yellowtip darkens to black in set specimens which is why the refence text never mention this important clue.
It seems to be restricted to SE Johor, much like Rapala cowani.


Both L. dirtea & pardalis are also found at Panti.
L. dirtea.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/143346191
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147464503
L. pardalis.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/217015320
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/101388782


TL Seow; Cheers.
PS.
To add to the confusion, in Kuala Woh is a female with bluish spots.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/238104405
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/238230965
However, the FW apical spot is round & the HW blue lunules are incomplete, with yellow spots showing through.
(Compare with the L. bangkana females.)

Three other females are more typical l. pardalis.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/197662214
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/197662182
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/124519863

The males looks typical L. pardalis but does have a small apical whitish spot.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/117241557
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/197662218

PS2 . However there are also L. pardalis/dirtea females in Singapore (where L. bangkana is absent) with bluish spots.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/55901754
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/128797460
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/183618229
They are remarkably like L. albopunctata but no confirmatory male have been shot.
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/L...a-albopunctata

PS3. The underside of the female albopunctata is also differently coloured.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/62375248